BEYOND
THE
PILLARS…
The Search for an Antediluvian Civilization
An Investigation
by Lawrence H. Freeman
BEYOND THE PILLARS
SUMMARY
Our history is like a Russian matrushka doll. Dolls within dolls within dolls, but you can see the inner dolls only by opening the outer dolls. Many archeologists and historians have shown themselves reluctant to open the outer dolls of our history. They say that it is in the name of science and that they require proof, but they seem to have forgotten that science is all about speculation, and they ignore the spirit of inquiry.
Plato's tale of Atlantis has burned in the world's consciousness for centuries, but was it true, was it a fable, or was it possibly even just an allegorical morality tale?
Regardless of the actual existence of Atlantis, it seems clear that civilizations have come and gone, some of them drowned in the mists of time to exist now only in the vagaries of memory and legend.
There are many ways that civilizations could have disappeared leaving little trace, but there exists silent signs of massive ancient asteroid strikes, as well as worldwide evidence of inexplicable ancient megalithic structures such as Tiwanaku, Nan Madol, Yonaguni, Macchu Picchu, Malta and many others. The brilliant but much-maligned Emmanuel Velikovsky even suggests that Earth was once sideswiped by Venus, while Uranus is topsy-turvy due to a massive impact. Then there are the many anomalous artifacts; OOPARTS out of their place in time and so have generally been ignored even though they seem to speak to another time.
Scientific orthodoxy often lags well behind new discoveries, but old theories die hard, and there are many exciting trails to follow; such as word derivations that show striking similarities even across vast distances, and the DNA puzzle.
Past civilizations may have been blown away, burned, drowned, destroyed or buried, and speculation is rife as to how entire worldwide civilizations could disappear before our present Holocene Era with so little trace. The Chandler Wobble, the Biblical Flood, Asteroid strikes, Solar Flares, Hapgood's theories of Pole Shifts, and the 'Slipping Orange Peel' may all play a part.
We now know that there was at least a 300 foot rise in ocean levels at the end of the last Ice Age, but can we imagine the effect that this might have? The totality is easily demonstrated by taking a map of our own present-day world and raising ocean levels some 300 feet to reveal what would be a different planet.
Examination of archeological dating procedures reveal them to be sadly lacking, mostly derivative, and often misleading.
The oldest civilization acknowledged by orthodox science is that of Sumeria, but the supposed chronology is rank speculation and examination produces the likelihood that Sumeria is much older than estimated, and was only a part of a widespread, possibly worldwide trading network.
Myths have often proven themselves to be fact, as in the cities of Troy, Mycenae, Herakleion, Sacsayhuaman and Angkor Wat, and now there are the new technological advances such as Remote Viewing Satellites and Ground-penetrating Radar that allow us to peer beneath the surface of the earth, and have now revealed the fabulous lost 'Arabian Nights' city of Ubar, as well as the telltale signs of a widespread Peruvian highlands civilization.
One of our most persistent myths has been that of the Biblical Flood, going back to the legend of Gilgamesh, and possibly even beyond. Now, findings in the depths of the Black Sea support the reality of massive flooding, and seabed discoveries of drowned cities and well-preserved sunken ships provide clear proof of a widespread antediluvian civilization as well as an ancient seafaring tradition.
Continued exploration of the ancient Andean highland city of Tiwanaku reveals clues that the 9,000 foot high Andean city was once an ocean port, and only one part of a far-flung Andean culture encompassing the mysterious Nazca Lines as well as the controversial Ica Stones.
Across the world, the newly-discovered Harappan Empire ruins of the cities of Bet Dwarka and Mohenjo-Daro illuminate a tragedy of monumental proportions. We now see a ruthless invasion by Anglo-Saxon peoples resulting in an outpouring of Dravidian refugees who became our modern-day Gypsies. These discoveries, as well as the 9,000-year-old remains of Jericho and Gobekli, prove that advanced development was much more prevalent in the dim past than we ever imagined, and also provide physical correlation for the fantastic tales of the Mahabharata and the Indian Vedas.
It has long been a 'bone of contention' whether the apparent simultaneous rise of civilizing influences or discoveries, such as in the case of the Olmec/Maya and the Egyptian civilizations, are the result of independent indigenous innovators or of worldwide inter-cultural communication.
An avenue of discovery for the trail of civilization is finally open to us in the form of DNA, but reality may well be ignored in favor of ancient prejudices. In spite of evidence, American (Indian) tribes are still lumped together in the common perception, and the racially-charged Israeli experience of the black Lemba and Falasha tribes from Africa flies in the face of the scientific reality of indisputable Jewish heritage, including the alleged presence of the Ark of the Covenant in Aksum, Ethiopia.
Myths often develop as a reaction to cultural influences, but even then they reveal truths about the culture. The legends of the Virgin of Guadelupe and that of Quetzalcoatl clearly illuminate the lasting effects of an invasion by an alien culture.
The development of legends sheds light on the development of differing theories of time and space. The ancient theory of Cyclical Time opposed to the more recent theory of Quantitative Time relates to, and influences the respective cultures.
Things are seldom as they seem, and the Great Pyramid of Giza, while clearly never intended as a tomb, could be evidence of a lost culture whose scope we cannot even imagine. It is speculated that the pyramid was built as an electrical power generator, or even that it is a beacon from the past, bequeathing vast fonts of knowledge to us from our ancient ancestors.
Could there have been sciences in the past that are now lost to us? Can we imagine the forms they might take that could be superior to our own vaunted status? Are we so blind that we cannot even recognize the artifacts of such a science?
We are only beginning to plumb the depths of the powers of sound and light, and the abilities of the mind are still beyond our science. No one can satisfactorily explain how are ancestors were able to erect the Megalithic edifices that still inspire wonder.
Even today there are mysteries beyond fathoming, events that echo with significance, but are impossible to decipher with our level of understanding. The ever-increasing complexity of Crop Circles piques both our interest and our skepticism.
Present-day science sometimes goes off on tangents that could eventually prove fruitful, but are often sabotaged by threatened interests. Who knows what will be the eventual fate of investigations such as Dark Energy, Free Energy, Zero-Point Energy, Anti-Gravity, Cold Fusion, and the myriad worlds of Quantum Physics?
Could there be a higher power that controls us to ends we can't even perceive? Is it possible that a God could exist who could create a Hitler simply to cause the State of Israel to come into existence? Can we blame God for Cortez or even Genghis Khan?
The Biblical tale of Genesis is borne out by many similar tales that reinforce the tales of the Sons of the Gods and the wiles of human (or Neanderthal) women tricking technology from them in favor of their superhuman children.
Maybe some of the answers lie in the legendary race of the snake-headed Nephilim that may have influenced us down through time to the present day. The phenomenon of Cabezas Largas (Long-heads) as well as Marfan's Syndrome comes down to us through Akhnaten, Tutankhamen, and various rulers throughout the world. Even Abraham Lincoln was a sufferer, could he also have been an inheritor?
History and the advance of civilization are always the result of two opposing forces. First come the dreamers, followed by the practical skeptics, doomed forever to try to outdo the dreamers, but through it all, the search for the lost runs like a golden thread.
1367 words
BEYOND THE
PILLARS…
The Search for Antediluvian Civilizations
©03/20/02Lawrence Freeman
INDEX & CHAPTER BY CHAPTER SUMMARY
PROLOGUE: ATLANTIS AND GOD: 142
01. PLATO & BEYOND The original words of Plato that started the whole thing off, and the relative unimportance of Atlantis per se. 1401
02. LOST CIVILIZATIONS First talks about the false assumptions of the orthodox Time Line, then points out the discoveries of Yonaguni, Nan Madol, Bimini and the pending Cuban underwater city. Shows how civilizations could be lost. Talks about antediluvian and lost civilizations and shows how a drowned world would affect our civilization. 1337
03. WHERE IS THE EVIDENCE? Talks about asteroid strikes all over the earth and the unusual multiple strikes of the Carolina lakes. The age of the Sphinx and the pyramids and the age of the worldwide megalithic structures. How archeologists have discovered ruins of things thought to be only myths. Starts the discussion of OOPARTS (out-of-place-artifacts) and the Cuban underwater city. 924
04 CITY BENEATH THE SEA
The discovery of the underwater city off Cuba and past Mayanist connections reinforced by the discovery of the past Cuba-Yucatan land bridge. The Isle of Youth and the 7 legendary caves. Petroglyphs. The stepping-stones of the Antilles. Asteroid strikes. Egyptian Sun Boats and maritime history. Roman ships in Brazil. 1819
05 ROCK OF AGES: The overwhelming difficulty of dating megalithic monuments and dating the Great Pyramid. 1617
06. NEEDLE IN A HAYSTACK: The amazing use of satellite and sonic remote viewing that can see underground. The discovery of the lost city of Ubar, and speculation about Tiwanaku and Caral in Peru. 1109
07. MYTHS: The mechanics of ancient calendars. The flood and worldwide traditions. The Mexico-Atlantis connection. More about OOPARTS and the possibility of Noah's Ark being a Sumerian reedship. 1123
08. NOAH'S FLOOD: The story of Gilgamesh. The sequence of the ages of the Maya. Why was Rameses blond? The findings in the Black Sea. The value of searching for Atlantis. Mystery of Stonehenge. The value of blood types to trace populations. The question of magnetic pole reversals. An examination of Hapgood shifts compared to the speculative Atlantean timeline. 1603
09. UNDER THE BLACK SEA: Was this Noah's Flood? The Bosphorus Strait. The discovery of ancient underwater settlements and shipwrecks. 1446
10. THE LOST CITY OF THE ANDES: Possible
evidence of a past antediluvian civilization. The fascinating tale of the ancient port of Tiwanaku and the many anomalies found there. 1380
11. SEARCHING FOR THE NAZCA CIVILIZATION: A new theory of the existence of the famous Nazca lines and the discovery of the twin cities of Cahuachi and Ventilla. The mystery of the Ica stones. 1720
12LOST & FOUND-THEN IGNORED: The lost civilization of Harrapa and the cities of Mohenjo-daro and Bet Dwarka. The effect of verifying the Indian Vedas and the saga of the Mahabharata. The fall of Harappa and the question of the Gypsies. The question of archeological dating and the value of memory and legend. 2618
13 WAS SUMERIA THE FIRST? What we
know of the supposed first civilization and how such a sophisticated and literate entity could not have existed in a vacumn.
14. ICE AGES AND POLE SHIFTS: Global warming and the flood. The planet flipping, the wobble and the question of physical pole shifts. Explanation of precession. Brown and Velikovsky and repeated cataclysms. 2342
15. INDIGENOUS vs. DIFFUSIONISTS: The
argument between those who favor independent indigenous invention, versus those who believe in a worldwide civilization that disseminated the information. The Mexico-Atlantis connection. Trans-oceanic evidence of early voyages. 1655
16. BLOOD WILL TELL: The question of Kennewick man and political correctness. Efficacy of blood types. DNA and tracing peoples. The kingship lists and their impact. The experience of the Lembas and the Falashas in Israeli society. A new timeline. 2914
17. BUTTON, BUTTON… Science holds itself out as immutable, but it isn't. Indian tribes and America's timeline. Tracing words. More trans-oceanic evidence. More OOPARTS. More Kennewick man. 946
18. THE MADONNA AND THE SERPENT: The legend and the European impact on these indigenous legends. 1560
19. TIME AFTER TIME: Cultural differences in how we tell time and the resultant views of the world. Lost knowledge of the importance of time. 2957
20. BEACON IN THE DESERT: A study of the Great Pyramid of Giza and several theories as to what its purpose was. Possibly a power plant. 4088
21. MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE? The riddle of the crop circles and their meaning. Their increasing complexity leading to an actual picture in pixels, as well as an alleged answer to the message sent out on Voyager. 1819
22 …DIFFERENT DRUMMER: What does progress and/or civilization really mean? Could there have been ancient knowledge in different areas that has been lost to us? Is there power in the collective consciousness? 2157
23. UNKNOWN SCIENCE: Theories of ancient science. Theories of construction of the pyramids and megalithic structures. The Coral Castle, multi-ton stones moved by one man. The power of the mind. The reality of alchemy. The power of the senses. Quantum physics. 3444
24. 2816 SIRAN How would we recognize a machine from the past? We really can’t date the far past and can’t imagine how megalithic structures could be built. 1624
25. DARK ENERGY: Nikola Tesla. More of the actual age of pyramids. The energy of sonics and ultrasonics. The new Russian pyramids. Where does energy come from? Cold Fusion and Dark Energy. 2642
26WONDERS TO PERFORM: Is there really a God? The Nazis, the Jews, the Holocaust and Israel. Cortez, Pissaro and the Conquest. Quantum theory and the effect on history. 2090
27THE NEPHILIM AND THE NIBURU: Genesis, the bible and the psuedapigripha. Gods/Angels/? Gilgamesh and the Babylonian myths. Nephilim as Neanderthals? The missing Planet X. 3431
28. ECHOES OF THE NEPHILIM: Genesis. The Nephilim and giants. Serpent progenitors. The Mayan Votan legend. The psuedopigrapic legend of Lilith and the later Eve.The Cabezas Largas. Marfan’s syndrome. Long Heads in history. The triune brain. 2210
29. SKEPTICS & DREAMERS: Two different types necessary for progress. Our 250 years of civilization. 1763
PLATO & BEYOND
Conventional wisdom is that Atlantis never existed, that the tale of Atlantis was but a fictional account of Plato. Conventional wisdom does not brook dissent, but orthodoxy should have no place in Science or Pedagogy. We need not here reiterate all the scientific and pharmaceutical discoveries that have resulted from 'mistakes'. They are legion, and often result from intuitive errors. Experimentation is what Science is all about. The notion of Atlantis offends the orthodoxy of Archeology, Sociology and Anthropology. Even Geology and Oceanography, but slowly, ever so slowly, the cherished chronology crumbles like the rotten construction that it is.
For centuries orthodoxy denied pan-oceanic cross-pollination, but large segments of conventional science now admit to the possibilities. Orthodoxy can only narrow the vistas and promote 'lynchings' of those who dare to think beyond the envelope. Challenge orthodoxy. Let the sunlight in.
In the United States we have a tradition of recalling our voyages out from the 'Old Country', whether that be England, France, Germany, Russia, Middle Europe, the Low Countries, or wherever. Nevertheless it is a tradition born of truth and we have no doubt as to its genuineness and accuracy.
Among the indigenous peoples of North, Central and South America, they too have a tradition of a distant homeland over the sea, a homeland that sank into the sea in ages past.
Why do we believe our traditions and yet still doubt theirs?
Our Western intellect was introduced to the legend of Atlantis through Plato's description found in Timmaeus. We hear much about it, and talk a lot about it, but few of us have ever actually read it, so, with an apology to the over-educated, here it is, with some liberties taken to comport with modern literature.
Solon said that an Egyptian sage told him that the Greeks were but children because they had no old tradition nor any ancient belief or knowledge. Because there had been many destructions of mankind and many to come. The greatest are by fire and water, but there are lesser ones besides.
A deviation of the bodies that move around the earth in the heavens, whereby at long intervals the destruction through fire occurs. Those who dwell in the high places and in the dry perish more easily than those who live besides the rivers and the sea, but when the gods send a flood upon the earth. Those in the mountains are saved but those in the cities are swept by the rivers into the sea, but in Atlantis no water falls on the land and all rises up by nature from below.
In all places where heat and cold do not forbid, there are ever more or less human beings, but when the recurring torrent comes from the heavens, it leaves only the unlettered and untaught, knowing nothing of what happened before.
The Egyptian talked about the Greeks remembering only one deluge (flood), where there had been many, and that the Greeks had in fact sprung from a remnant of the past races.
Once upon a time, before the greatest flood, there was a great, just and mighty city. Founded in a chosen place by a goddess 8,000 years before, their laws were: a separation of the priestly caste, the separation of craftsmen, each only to his own craft, separation of farmers and herders, separation of warriors so that they study war and nothing else, and they were the first armed with shields and spears.
Among the wonderful deeds, the Greeks vanquished a nation which had come from the Atlantic Ocean to invade both Europe and Asia together. The sea was then different, in that there was an island larger than North Africa and Asia Minor together before the mouth of the strait called the Pillars of Hercules. That was the passage for seafarers from other islands to all the opposite continent that abounds the ocean truly named.
The regions lying within the strait seem but a bay with a narrow entrance, but the other is an ocean, with the land surrounding it is a continent. This is Atlantis, and its kings ruled over the island, many other islands, and parts of the mainland. East of the strait they also governed Libya as far as Egypt and Europe to the borders of Etruria. It tried to enslave the rest of the region within the strait, but the Greeks, led by the Athenians,
defeated the Atlanteans.
Later, after earthquakes and floods, the Greek lands were swallowed up in a day and a night, and Atlantis sank beneath the sea, causing it to be impassable because blocked by shallow shoals.
Thus ends the Timmaeus, but the descriptions continued in Critias, which is an account of an Atlantean citizen of that name.
Nine thousand years before Solon's day, or about 9600 B.C.E., there was a war between the Eastern nations within the Pillars of Hercules, led by the Athenians, and the Western races led by the kings of Atlantis.
Poseidon (Neptune), god of the sea, was awarded the isle of Atlantis where he had children by a mortal woman.
The island, flat near the coast, had a beautiful plain in the middle, and six miles from the plain stood a low mountain with an original inhabitant who had a daughter named Cleito, who became wife to Poseidon.
Poseidon surrounded the mountain with two circular mounds and three seawater ditches, each equidistant from each other so that there was no access to the mountain, and the island had a hot and cold current.
Poseidon raised 5 sets of twins and divided Atlantis into ten parts, giving the largest and best situated to his first-born son Atlas, king of the entire island, for whom the Atlantic Ocean is named.
Atlas' heirs ruled Atlantis for several centuries and accumulated unprecedented wealth, importing goods from other lands. They were rich in all kinds of minerals and stones, timber for construction, many animals, both domestic and wild, abundant agriculture bearing two harvests each year.
The Atlanteans built architectural and engineering marvels lavishly and drove a 300 feet wide, hundred feet deep and sixty mile canal through the zones of land to accommodate passage of the largest vessels, and at the landward end of the canal they built a harbor.
The two zones of land were cut by large canals allowing large vessels to pass from one sea-zone to another. Roofed, high bridges connected the land zones. The first sea-zone was 1,800 feet wide, the second, 1,200 feet, and the third, which immediately encircled the island was 600 feet wide.
The island was 1,000 yards in diameter and it and each zone were enclosed by black and red stone walls quarried from the island. The outward walls were brass-coated, those of the interior of tin, and of the citadel were coated with orichalcum (mountain copper). The bridge entrances were gates surmounted by defending towers. The bridge at the principal entrance was 100 feet wide.
In the center and most inaccessible part of the palace within the citadel was the Temple of Cleito and Poseidon, glittering with gold. The descendants of the first Atlanteans gathered each year to offer pious sacrifice.
The Temple of Poseidon was 600 feet long, 3 acres square, with a proportionate height. The architecture was barbaric, garnished with silver, its pinnacles glittered with gold, and the interior was roofed with ivory. gold, silver and orichalcum. Inside were many statues of gold.
Throughout the city were springs and fountains of hot and cold water, with great baths.
Each of the two zones was filled with temples, shrines, groves and gymnasiums. In the middle of the central island was a 600 foot diameter circular hippodrome surrounded by the residences of court officials and guards.
Entering the gates of the outward zone one came to a wall starting at the seashore, and encircling the island for 9,000 feet, joining the wall at the other side of the communicating canal. The enclosed space was cultivated, with the part facing the shore covered with villas and storehouses, while vessels came and went within the port.
It was mountainous on the land side, especially facing the sea. A level plain was around the royal city, ringed by majestic mountains covered by forests and wealthy towns, except for the coast and it faced South.
The canal provided transport and communication, and flowed through the country for more than 1,000 miles, fed by mountain streams. It traversed the city by means of lesser canals that were open to the sea.
The plains population, the royal portion of Atlantis, provided 60,000 men-at-arms. The country was divided into 12-mile-square cantons, each furnishing an armed contingent with its appointed leader, as well as ten chariots, each with two horses, two cavalrymen and a driver. Each canton also had to furnish ten heavily-armed foot-soldiers, two archers, two slingers, three stone-shooters and four sailors toward manning a fleet of 20,000 vessels. The mountain country furnished an innumerable host of warriors. The other parts of the empire had separate military obligations.
Each of the 12 kings was autonomous, but not allowed to take up arms against each other, and administration between them was governed by the ordinances of the ancient rulers as engraved on an orichalcum column in the Temple of Poseidon. The kings gathered there in conference and judging once every six years. At the start of the convocation, ten bulls were brought into the sacred zone and sacrificed to consecrate the column with blood.
They continued in justice and worship, but gradually they were corrupted, becoming ambitious and violent, until Zeus, the King of the gods, resolved to punish them, and convoked a council of gods to that end.
Here Plato's account ends because of his death, but the idea of Atlantis still lingers.
LOST CIVILIZATIONS
PART ONE – ATLANTIS & BEYOND
Can there be lost civilizations? How can a civilization get lost? Orthodox science thinks they know that civilization really began at the earliest with Tel Madhhur in Eastern Iraq where they found a large house, but that the first cities finally developed in Southern Mesopotamia about 4000 BC with the Sumerian culture. The Sumerians also began the craft of writing with their cylinder seals and impressed clay tablets. Then came Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia and the Persian Empire.
All that is cast in stone. Oh, before that there had been a few pottery cultures in the Middle East where life was easy between (7000-4000 BC), but they were very primitive and could hardly even have been called civilization.
That´s their story and they´re sticking to it.
Is Archeology a science? It is supposed to be and often uses scientific research methods, but science should be a search for the truth, and many times, Archeologists seem more anxious to cover up or disregard the truth.
They have a vested interest in the status quo. They were trained in a certain mind-set and chronology. Especially in the Western world where we have promulgated a view of history that begins in Mesopotamia and proceeds in linear fashion all the way until today, where we supposedly stand at the pinnacle of all the civilizations that have ever been in the world.
That is the way that Archeologists have been taught. That is the way their academic reputations have been built and buttressed.
Mention pre-Columbian cross-oceanic interchanges and you will be laughed out of the room. Bring up an outrageous theory like Antedeluvian civilizations and you will find that the idea of stoning for heresy is not dead in the modern world.
Talk about anecdotal evidence such a ancient myths or the Bible, and you will be told that they are only fairy-tales meant to scare or comfort children.
However, recently, many seemingly incontrovertible (not to say that they aren´t vigorously controverted) discoveries have enabled real strides towards turning the archeological world upside down.
What about the ‘myth’ of Atlantis? Doubts abound in spite of the hundreds of books, TV documentaries and movies that have been produced (even though many of them have been tongue in cheek).
Evidence is growing that not only was something like an Atlantis in the Atlantic Ocean, but also a Lemuria or Mu or Moo that was in the Pacific Ocean. Oh, they may not have been known by those names, in spite of the fact that those names do echo in many languages, but there seems to be a very real possibility that they were part of a world-wide civilization (maybe even more than one) that existed before the Flood.
Who could possibly believe that? Who in their right mind would ever believe that? Well, aside from the fact that it begs the question, common sense, together with recently uncovered evidence, makes a very strong case for a (the) lost civilization(s).
Recent underwater discoveries such as the extensive controversial ruins at Yonaguni, off the coast of Japan; the also controversial cyclopean underwater ruins off Bimini; the tantalizing undersea extensions of the Nan Madol ruins; and the exciting new discoveries ½ mile down off the West coast of Cuba, between the island nation of Cuba and the Yucatan Peninsula, lend credence to the theories of early civilizations that have been lost to our knowledge.
But how could a whole civilization be lost? Surprisingly easily. All we have to do is look at a present-day atlas. We know that at the end of the last ice age, some 9,000 years ago, the ocean levels rose at least some 300 feet, drowning anything that was lower than that.
It is only necessary to look at a present-day map to gain real insight. As it has always been true throughout history, most major cities have grown up on coastal areas and waterways because of the ease of access to water transport.
For example, take the continents of North and South America. Now raise the water level 300 feet and see what happens.
Most of Canada remains intact, but as for the rest of the two continents, all the remains is a mostly a spine that runs down all the way to Tierra del Fuego, and is composed of the Rockies, the Sierra Madres and the Andes mountains. There is also a spine of Coastal mountains that goes down through the Californias, as well as a small spur going down through Massachussets and part of New York State. A raised part on the Northern coast of South America and some mountainous regions in the center, are all that remain of that continent.
Forget Cuba, the Bahamas, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and all that, they’re gone, but large portions of the Hawaiian Islands remain, unfortunately, none of the major cities on that coast would survive.
Okay, so what would that mean for civilization? In this day of extensively inter-connected specialized industries and goods distribution, it would likely be disastrous.
Of the major cities in North and South America, ONLY these would remain:
The cities of Canada
Parts of Los Angeles Parts of San Diego
Tijuana Spokane
Helena Salt Lake City
Reno Denver
Las Vegas San Bernardino
El Paso Ensenada
Cabo San Lucas Monterrey, MX
México City (Teotihuacan) Veracruz
Teotihuacan Guatemala City
Colon Valencia
Caracas La Paz
Montevideo Cuzco
Maccu Piccu Sacsayhuaman
Tiahuanaco Boston
Concord Providence
New Haven Hartford
Great Falls Colorado Springs
-all the others would be drowned, together with their millions upon millions of people. As you can see, most capital cities are missing. What is left is a series of disconnected islands, much like what we think of as the Antilles today.
Truth to tell, our civilization has a record of losing past civilizations, many of the following only relatively recently rediscovered, most of them previously thought of only as myths or legends and still little understood:
Yonaguni, Okinawa Nan Madol
Caral, Peru Supe Valley, Peru
Anau, Turkmenistán Edzna, Middle East
Troy, Greece Knossus, Crete
Akrotiri, Santorini Pompeii, Italy
Maccu Piccu, Peru Sacsayhuaman, Peru
Tiahuanaco, Bolivia The cities of the Silk
West Coast of Cuba Road
Herakleion, Egypt
-and we can add to those the great cities of the Maya, the Aztecs, the Inca and many others who we only think we understand to any degree.
How many others are buried beneath desert sands or verdant hills, sleeping soundly in fathomless depths, or their secrets hidden in lost caves?
For a start, now that we are developing the technology, we might consider exploring the continental shelves. These shallows would have been exposed before the ending of the last great Ice Age and the subsequent flood.
Finally the recent amazing discovery off the Western Coast of Cuba at a half-mile depth might, at long last, reveal the truth about the fables of Atlantis. And if such a sunken civilization truly exists, then is there a connection with the ancient sacbeob (road) that runs from the Yucatan eastward out into the Yucatan deep to an unknown destination? Was this a physical connection to the now sunken cities?
See how close Cuba is to the Yucatan. Now add in the addition of the continental shelf and there is no question that it could have been easily travelled in a canoe, as the Caribs did in later Maya times.
Everywhere around the world are clear examples of civilizations that seem to have sprung full-blown, without precursors. Does that not argue for a seminal culture generously providing the gifts of the past?
We live in an amazingly, arrogant (and possibly ignorant) Euro-centric society. We are invested in the belief that our past history consists of a nice, safe, neat, straight-line progression from Sumeria, Mesopotamia, Egypt and so on and so forth, all the way up to where we stand at the pinnacle of all there ever was.
Not quite.
Our civilization is an orphan that knows nothing of its family.
Isn’t it time we all grew up?
WHERE IS THE EVIDENCE?
Okay, if there really were advanced antediluvian ancestors, couldn’t we reasonably expect past civilizations to have left artifacts? And isn't it reasonable to ask where they are?
After all, even if there had been a 9,000 BCE multiple asteroid strike that left behind the Carolina Lakes. So what?
Even if there had been a massive crustal shift in the past, moving like the skin around an orange. Causing floods, earthquakes, unimaginable winds and volcanoes. So what?
Even if there had been an enormous solar flare scouring the surface of the earth. So what?
A sudden and unexpected pole shift by an earth wobble. Again, so what?
A flood covering most of the civilized portions of the world? So what?
Where are the artifacts? Could they really be lost?
Well, one way they could be lost is for the ‘experts’ to simply misidentify/misdate existing artifacts.
For many years the conventional wisdom has been that the Sphinx dates from about 4,000 BC at the time of the Pharaoh Khufu. But new information contradicts this. It now appears that the Sphinx was ancient even in Khufu´s time, and that he only refurbished it, putting his face on it. It may actually be more than 10,000 years old.
We have gazed upon the Egyptian Pyramids for eons, again thinking that the Great Pyramid was built by Khufu. Well, maybe, but again, maybe not. It has always been amazing that Egyptian civilization seemed to have erupted as a high culture right from the beginning, with little in the way of precursors. Why does the Great Pyramid, supposedly built as Khufu´s tomb, not contain Khufu´s body? Why does it have none of the requisite prayers from The Book of the Dead?
Once again, where are the artifacts?
Maybe they are here. Maybe the Great Pyramid was a signpost built by our ancestors. Nothing is more stable than a pyramid, and this monstrous construction, built to withstand any cataclysm, is unmistakable evidence of a high civilization.
And throughout the world there are megalithic constructions that are dated haphazardly and which may well be remnants of antediluvian civilizations.
Yonaguni, Okinawa Nan Madol
Caral, Peru Supe Valley, Peru
Anau, Turkmenistán Edzna, Middle East
Troy, Greece Knossus, Crete
Akrotiri, Santorini Pompeii, Italy
Maccu Piccu, Peru Sacsayhuaman,
Peru
Tiahuanaco, Bolivia The cities of the Silk
West Coast of Cuba Road
Herakleion, Egypt
If we somehow knew that there was an approaching apocalypse, how would we tell future civilizations about ourselves. What would be left?
What would they know of us?
Aside from misdating anomalous finds, the experts have other ways of protecting their turf. They can declare the find to be a fraud, or the finder a fool.
Actually, tearing down the finder is an extremely popular way of dealing with, what amounts to, a competitor.
After all, our revered ‘Wizard of Menlo Park’, Thomas Edison, left no stone unturned to destroy a true genius and visionary, a man still tainted and almost forgotten to this day, Nicola Tesla.
The experts tried to laugh off Heinrich Schleimann´s theory of the location of Troy, until his discovery exploded in gold and jewelry across the front pages of the world.
Howard Carter, the discoverer of the tomb of Tutenkhamen was basically in disgrace and on his final desperate attempt, while the ‘experts’ laughed at his insistence of a search in the Valley of the Kings.
The early chroniclers of the Maya, Abbé de Brasbourg, Augustus Le Plongeon, Teoberto Maler, spent years fending off attacks, and most of the early explorers died broke and ridiculed.
Ignatius Donnely and James Churchward, the 19th century populizers of the legends of Atlantis and Mu, respectively, were given short shrift by the ‘experts´, even though the public was wildly supportive.
Atlantis is even now known as the ‘A’ word, a word that spells death to careers.
Still today, Emmanuel Velikovsky and Jeremiah Sitchin are given little currency in the world of academia.
The same is true every time an inquiry steps outside the realms of orthodoxy. There are literally hundreds, maybe even thousands of items that have been found and are called ‘OOPARTS´, for artifacts that are Out Of Place.
Some of the anomalous discoveries that have caused consternation because they don't fit into the neat worlds of history and archaeology are:
1. An ancient sophisticated metal computer, complete with toothed gears and complicated machinery, that was found off the coast of Greece near Antithykera, encased in the eons-long accretions of the sea.
2. An ancient, impossible iron pillar that never rusts, located at Ashoka, India.
3. A Babylonian battery! What could it have been used for?
4. Metallic artifacts found embedded in coal and rock, tens of thousands of years old.
5. The Piri Re’is map of 1513 showing the Antarctic without its ice covering.
6. The imprint of a sole of a shoe, found in rock 65 million years old.
7. The Ica stones of Peru that have carvings of men fighting dinosaurs when the two species are never supposed to have co-existed.
8. A fossilized spark plug.
9. Several crystal skulls from Central and South America that could not be reproduced today.
10. The Dropa stones discovered by Chinese archeologists and incised like an old-style phonograph record, that might contain a message from the past.
11. Inscriptions found on rocks in the New World and written in ancient Hebrew.
12. Traces of cocaine found in Egyptian mummies, when the only source could have been in South America.
13. A 3800-year-old global alphabet that is ridiculed by the ‘experts’.
14. Where did the biblical ‘Sea People’ come from?
15. It is only recently that orthodoxy has recognized the early Viking explorations of the New World.
Isn't it time that we admitted that we know oh-so little about our ancestors and our past? Isn’t it time to open the doors and windows and let in a little light?
All it needs is an open and inquiring mind, and maybe some academic freedom and a living spirit of inquiry.
Graham Hancock has recently published the carefully researched ‘Gateway to Atlantis’, pointing to the area off the coast of Cuba as possibly being Atlantis. This, together with the recent discovery off the West Coast of Cuba, ½ mile down, gives rise to the hopes that one of the riddles is nearing an answer.
Keep an open mind.
CITY BENEATH THE SEA
If there is a future in the past, it will be found beneath the seas.
Some say that Atlantis never existed, that it was ever a myth, but when Columbus and other European explorers sailed, it was in search of Atulliae or Antilia, a mythical island located some 800 kilometers east of Portugal, with a rather minutely described topography. The name Atlantis may actually stem from Anahuac, the ancient name for Mexico, where the Abbe Brasseur de Brasbourg says that it came from the word Atlan, 'on the border/in the midst of water'.
Atlantis may well have never existed, but if it did exist, then it was likely only as part of a worldwide antediluvian civilization that is now coming to light.
Revolutionary new submarine technology finally allows us to begin prowling the floor of the ocean, those lands of our planet that were once exposed to the light of day.
Echoes of the world's yearning for the promise of Atlantis have been heard in every corner of the globe, even the Antarctic, but now, once again, it is the time for the little island of Cuba.
This is hardly a new theory because it arose with the 1st century French Priest/scholar Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg, a man who made an in-country, in-depth study of Mesoamerican religion, mythology, and who learned the Maya language, and there were several others who held the same theory as well, including the noted early Mayanist Augustus LePlongeon.
There, just off the western tip of the island, on the ocean floor, a remotely-piloted deep- sea craft using side-scan sonar, has located the remnants of a vast city that might well change the face of our history.
Discovered by a Canadian company, Advanced Digital Communications (because American Companies are embargoed) they utilized a ex-Polish engineering specialist in deep-sea geology who was also instrumental in finding the Battleship Maine. Now working with the National Geographic Society, as well as ADC and the Cuban scientific community, Ms. Zelitsky found the site some 3 miles off the Havana Coast and 2/3rds of a mile down.
Cuba, and especially the Isle of Youth, is the home of a series of seven legendary caves which have yet to be fully explored, and yet bear hints of ages long past. Ancient mysterious symbols have been drawn on the walls of these caverns and there have been estimates that they might well date back to 6000 BCE.
The legend of the 'Seven Caves' can be traced back to the Quiche Maya creation-myth of the Popul Vu, and caves feature prominently in most, if not all, the indigenous creation myths of North and South America.
The Punta del Este cave with seven compartments is on the Isle of Youth and lies abandoned and unsought southwest of Cuba, but it contains much that is worthy of further exploration. The caves are the remnant of a pre-Taino culture known as the Ciboney, extant about 9000-4500 BCE, replacing an even earlier culture that existed between circa 40,000-9,000 BCE.
Cuba is rife with unexplored archeological sites dating back as far as the sophisticated 4,000 year-old megalith at Pinar del Rio.
Red and black petroglyphs, mostly geometrical, are still faintly visible, some of which could tell the story of a great catastrophic asteroid rain. Consisting of myriad gradually unwinding interconnecting and superimposed concentric rings, geometric forms together with an arrow-like image penetrating the rings. Could this depict a comet with a tail and multiple ocean impacts?
The cave petroglyphs appear to represent a wide chronological range. Comparable glyphs on the nearby island of Mona, relying on similarity with European cave art, are estimated at 30,000 years old, but conservatively, a date of 5,000 BCE seems more realistic for the earliest depictions.
Strangely enough, early petroglyphs show bulls or bison and stickmen, and while a comparison to Minoan and other bull rites is tempting, it is possible that these pictographs were done after the coming of the Spanish, there is simply insufficient information to verify the chronology.
The dating of such ruins and artifacts is always problematical, generally relying on nearby datable items to reveal the date of the structures. In this case dating rests partly on the depth of the site, and speculation as to how long ago that location might have been on the surface. At this point it is reliably reported that the island nation of Cuba has sunk and risen at least three times in its history.
The other indicator of age is the finding of the incised twin oval cross within the complex. This icon is clearly related to a similar carving found within the Punta del Este cave on the Isle of Youth, Cuba, dated back several thousand years, and which, to date, provides the best provenance.
Andrew Collins, in his prescient 2000 book, Gateway to Atlantis, argues for Cuba as being the center for a truly productive search for Atlantis, but decries the lack of access. Now there is access, and two new finds, placed alongside many other anomalies in and around the Atlantic Ocean, argue persuasively for the prior existence of an enormous continent, or possibly a chain of islands in the area.
We now know of the finds at Bimini, Moselle Reef and Andros Island in the Bahamas, which, while controverted by the archeological establishment, clearly indicate the need for further inquiry, especially in light of the tantalizing reports of aircraft pilots who recount appearing and disappearing undersea architectural structures.
Now there are reports of underwater temples/platforms/pillars and capstones, ½ mile down off the Azores.
The Antilles are the fabled home of an antediluvian civilization and the island of Tobago even has legends of interesting catastrophic myths involving a rain of asteroids ('the ole moon broke... the sea rushed in'), so what we are beginning to see are the outlines of a vast continent or archipelago which stretched over the Antilles.
But what is most interesting is the discovery of what must have been a land bridge between Cuba and the Yucatan. This connection may answer a myriad of questions regarding the sudden rise of the full-blown Maya civilization on the peninsula. We will be awaiting the first full-scale pictures of the Cuban find to compare them to the civilizations that sprung from Mexican and Central American soil. Of course, it is always possible that the 'Mother' civilization originally arose in Central America and then spread throughout the Antilles! There are certainly Maya and Egyptian legends that speak to that possibility.
The Lesser Antilles (the word Antilles echoes the name Atlantis, as does, Atlantic, Atlas, Atlantean, Antarctic, as do many others), now extends from the northern coast of Venezuela northwards through a chain of islands including the Barbados, Aruba, Trinidad and Tobago, and including the Virgin, the Leeward and the Windward Islands.
North from there are the Greater Antilles, beginning at the Yucatan Peninsula and then extending west and north through Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Cuba and Puerto Rico. The third Caribbean chain, the Bahamas (from the Spanish Baja Mar, lower sea) extends north across the Tropic of Cancer to approach the west coast of Florida.
A case could be made that the Bahamas, the Greater, and the Lesser Antilles might be the remnants of a greater Central American coastline filling in the great gap on the Weggener continental-drift jigsaw puzzle of the ancient world.
While much has been written about the Azores, the Canary Islands and the Grand Banks, it stretches credulity to connect them to the Caribbean chains as well.
According to Anthropologists Jose Cruxent and Irving Crouse, when the sea level was lower a few thousand years ago, there was a chain of stepping stone-islands that connected the Honduran Coast (then extending another 250 kilometers toward Jamaica) through the Greater and Lesser Antilles and the Bahamas up to the Coast of Florida, so the whole may have been interconnected at some time in the past.
One or more of the sinkings could have been the result of multiple asteroid strikes in the vicinity, and the multiple Carolina Bays strikes of 8,000 to 10,500 BCE as well as the inconceivably ancient Chixchalub Yucatecan crater might be the results of such a catastrophe.
The rise is sea levels at the end of the last Ice Age might also account for the drowning of the chain, but it does not seem likely that the sea levels were raised to such an extent. Even this is speculation, because if it can be argued that Tiwanaku could have risen that far, then it might be similarly argued that the off-Cuba site could have fallen that far.
The truth is that we simply don’t know. Just as we have extreme difficulty in placing sites chronologically, we also lack verifiable knowledge of changes in geological conditions.
But there are things that we do know, things that correlate the growing body of maritime knowledge.
Such as the funerary Sun Boats buried in the stone-lined pits alongside the Great Pyramid of Giza. These enormous ships, although not meant for the sea, are supremely confident, graceful and proud. One of them is 145 feet long, 20 feet wide, and displaces some 45 tons, revealing an awesome knowledge of the seagoing shipwright’s craft.
Dated back to at least circa 3,000 BCE (although Khufu was controversially thought to have caused the building of the Great Pyramid in 4,500 BCE) these ships are hardly the work of novice boat-builders. They reflect a shipbuilding tradition that might well have taken thousands of years to reach such a peak of excellence.
Egyptian lore is filled with tales of sea crossings, and speaks of voyages over the open ocean of many months, and of gigantic ore-carrying ships, 220 feet long and 66 feet wide, with crews of 120 sailors, or more. These ships would have been much larger than the merchant ships and caravels used by Columbus to sail across the ocean.
And while the Sun Boats call for conjecture, the accidental 1976 discovery of several Moroccan amphorae in a bay near Rio de Janiero provides provenance. By verifying the encrustation as specifically indigenous to Brazil, then dating the buildup to between 1500 and
2000 years, while suggesting that the jars were of a type manufactured in Morocco during the third century ACE, verifying that the containers had been dropped off sometime during the height of Roman power.
~
Further examination of the site failed to reveal a Roman wreck, but did uncover ample amphora sherds, as well as a possible stone anchor. Sonar scans have located two possible wrecks which await investigation.
Certainly any 'discovery' of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492 is cast into shadow, not only by an earlier Norse challenge, but now by a Brazilian revelation which at least casts the mantle back to the Italians!
Anomalous Out-of-place-artifacts are legion throughout the world and are dealt with elsewhere, but at least some of the better documented deserve a footnote in the more orthodox scientific tomes. Science should also be a voyage of discovery.
ROCK OF AGES/AGE OF ROCKS
DO THE STONES SPEAK?
We’ve spoken of many archeological sites around the world that might well be evidence of an antediluvian civilization, but there is something missing, an accurate, dependable method of dating the ruins.
Not that there aren’t some rather arbitrary dates furnished, but the dates are easily disputed because, let’s face it, there is no guaranteed means of dating the ruins themselves. Megaliths are generally built of stone, and stone presents severe problems to establishing a verifiable date.
While the older sites have already been compromised by the assigning of arbitrary dates, some of the lesser known dolmens such as Hy Brazil and Sochi, in Russia, might be well served by accurate dating.
Stone is composed of the same or mixtures of different minerals, and minerals, usually occurring as crystals under suitable conditions, come in various forms:
1. IGNEOUS: Minerals crystallized from magma, and existing from the surface down to approximately 30 kilometers.
2. WEATHERING: Minerals crystallized on the surface by chemical reactions with other minerals or due to conditions.
3. SEDIMENTARY: Minerals resulting from evaporation of mineral-infused water/ precipitated from water due to changes in chemical conditions/ deposition by organisms (shells/bones).
4. METAMORPHIC: Minerals recrystallized and reacting to pressure/heat.
To date, the sciences of geology and archeology, working in concert with other disciplines, have provided two types of dating techniques, Relative Dating and Absolute Dating.
There are nine separate Relative Dating techniques, some of which are still somewhat experimental:
a. Cation Ratio
b. Cultural Affiliation
c. Flourine Dating
d. Obsidian Hydration
e. Patination
f. Pollen Analysis
g. Rate of Accumulation
h. Seriation
i. Varve Analysis
Each of these is not a direct method of dating, but rather relies on situs, geographical location, comparison or natural accretion to infer the date.
There are also twelve so-called Absolute Dating techniques, some of them again experimental, which attempt to establish the direct age of minerals, the skeleton or the artifact, or, again by inference, the age of the megalith.
1. Archeomagnetism
2. Astronomical Dating
3. Dendrochronology
4. Electron Spin Resonance
5. Fission Track
6. Optically Stimulated Luminescence
7. Oxidizable Carbon Rate
8. Potassium-Argon Dating
9. Racemization
10. Radio-Carbon Dating (Carbon-14)
11. Thermoluminescence
12. Uranium-Thorium
Even here, most of the techniques also fail to directly date megaliths, but instead rely on inferential reasoning, which may be faulty and subject to intrusive error.
But no matter the method, the problem is that, with few exceptions, you can’t date stone itself. Even if you could, you are most likely to come up with a date millions of years old, a date that would put you no closer to dating the monument itself. Generally, we have to rely on external features to provide us with clues to the right date, and such is often problematical. What we really need is a way of dating fractures, a way of telling us when the stone was cut or incised, a fracture event date.
There are some methods that come close, and are extremely useful, but none of them are 100% accurate.
Imagine that we are in a South American jungle (or rain forest, to be more politically correct), and we come across the tumbled remains of a lost city. We finally find an upright stele made of a crystalline substance with appropriate carved gods and unintelligible glyphs, and we are looking for a date to begin our investigations.
We know that at least the Aztecs and the Maya set stelae, but since we don’t know the gods depicted, or translate the glyphs, we are unable to establish provenance from the stele carvings alone.
We carefully clear the surrounding brush and begin to carefully sift the loose dirt around the base. There we come up with a silver-colored Diet Coke can. Then we dig another foot and discover what we recognize to be an American musket. Another couple of feet and there is a small ceramic statue to the Aztec god Coatzicalcue. Now we are down almost four feet, and we dig another two feet and we are able to excavate and lift the stele, finding a potsherd with a recognizable pattern under it. We now recognize that the part of the stele that was not buried in the ground has been subjected to a serious fire, and the portion below has been protected.
Now, how can we date the stele, if we can. Okay, then using thermoluminesence or electronic spin resonance we may be able to date the crystalline material as being 2 million years old.
Looking at the Coke can found beside the monument, we can pretty well disregard it as a cultural dating tool.
The American musket could be from one of the American invasions, or it could have been brought in during the Cristero Revolution. Again, not much help, except possibly to give us a clue as to the level of the ground as of that period.
The Aztec statue is of some help, mostly because it gives us a general timeline when the ground was at that level, and we can also use thermoluminesence to tell us when the statue was fired (if it was fired).
Once we lift the stele and find the potsherd underneath it, that might be a pretty good indicator as to when the stele was installed, because the potsherd was under the stele, we already know the approximate date of that style of potsherd, and once again, we should be able to pinpoint the date of firing.
By being able to approximate the rate of accretion, the addition of ground materials, then because we have rough dates for the various artifacts, we may be able to establish a rough date as to how long it has been in the ground, especially if we are able to establish the rate of patination, the changes in the stele surface having to do with chemical interaction with the soil.
Finally, we have evidence that the above-ground portion of the statue has been subject to fire (at least 350° Celsius) for long enough to establish a ‘clock-setting event’, an event changing the crystalline structure, which should tell us how much time has passed since the fire.
We may also be able to use radiocarbon (Carbon-14) dating to tell us how long ago the fire occurred, and coincidentally, the date of any textile remnants found nearby.
It might have been better if the original builders had buried a fully dressed sacrifice down under the stele, because then we could use fluorine dating on the skeleton and carbon 14 on the textiles.
If the builders had used wood levers and left them under the stele, then we might have had a chance at dating by dendrochronology, but even that has validity only to about 400 years.
The best indicator would be if we if we had some way to establish a ‘fracture event’ time, some time when a blow struck and fractured a portion of the crystalline structure, whether in quarrying the original stone, or in doing the carvings or the inscriptions. Unfortunately, such a method does not yet exist.
So, there are serious difficulties in determining dates for stone statues or structures, and that is why there is so much controversy.
Take the Great Pyramid at Giza. There is literally nothing to date. No inscriptions (unless you want to count the apparently forged name of Khufu placed there by a frustrated ‘wannabe’ archeologist). No skeletons or mummies (strange for what is supposed to be a tomb). The rose quartz in the “King’s Chamber” doesn’t help because it hasn’t been exposed to fire, nor has the rest of the pyramid. There is a possibility in the “Queen’s Chamber”, where there appear to be some seashells. And those might be subject to Fluorine dating, but even so, if anything, that might give us the approximate age of the flood which left the seashells there, but would still not give us the age of the pyramid.
But there are two possibilities, the first one is the originally rose quartz “sarcophagus”, which has turned brown, likely due to the application of great heat, and this might be subject to ‘event dating’, at least to the date of the heating. Then there are the two bronze catches that have been discovered at the far end of the “air shaft” recently found by Gantenbrink’s robot. It might be possible to date the bronze catches by patination, deciphering the verdigris that has built up over time.
Supposedly there were metal tools found within the pyramid at some time, but they are problematical and might yield confusing numbers.
Orthodox archeology might look to the ‘worker’s town’ built hard by the Giza complex. That will certainly reveal dates because of the skeletons, pottery, wood, etc., but once again there is nothing to say when the town was built or what it was built for. Was it laid down at the time of the original pyramid construction, or had the town been there for centuries, providing maintenance for the Giza complex?
Until an accurate, agreed-upon dating system is arrived at, a possible solution, one that might alleviate the defense of the status quo that is raised in most people who assign a date to a site, is if there were a settled scale of provenance, which would allow the person assigning the date to also assign a percentage estimate to the certainty of such a date. A certainty percentage of 60% would then allow sufficient ‘wiggle room’ to be able to retreat with dignity, allowing the intrusion of a different opinion.
And all of those same problems apply to each and every megalithic site! No wonder it is so difficult to provide accurate chronologies.
NEEDLE IN A HAYSTACK
Lost cities and civilizations abound, but the ancient city of Ubar first came to recent Western consciousness with the Medieval printing of Sir Richard Burton’s translation of the Arabian Nights, known to us as 'A Thousand and One Nights'. Ubar was a fabled Arabian place of fabulous riches, peopled with such as Sheherezhad and Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, it was soon relegated to the realms of fantasy and fairy tales. But the dreams of fools die hard.
Ubar was one of the legendary major centers along the Silk Road, the trading route between The East and The West. It was located somewhere within the Great Arabian Desert, rightly called ‘The Empty Quarter’, a 125,000 square mile wasteland where there were no clues to the existence of a road, let alone a city, Ubar slumbered undisturbed for centuries.
Some 200 years ago, someone unknown had placed a small stone observation post there, but it was disregarded. In the 30’s and 40’s, faint field lines were observed, but they soon disappeared with modern activity and the site was completely buried under dirt, rock and sand.
The breakthrough started with aerial reconnaissance by military balloons in the early 1900’s, then by airplane overflights, but none of this was sufficient to find Ubar. What was required was the ultra-sophisticated SIR-C imaging satellite. Reading visible light, infrared and an amazing radar ground-penetrating capability called remote imaging, SIR-C was able to find the ancient Silk Road by differentiating the slight difference of the material makeup compared to the surrounding desert.
Newer Landsats are equipped with a ‘Thematic Mapper’, radioing seven channels of digital data back to earth. Three channels are in the visible spectrum, three in the reflective infrared spectrum and one in the thermal infrared spectrum. This varied-spectrum analysis enables computer-enhanced images to detect the slightest variations in the earth’s surface. In the case of the Ubar site, it allowed for the plotting of the road leading to the site.
Tied together with the Global Positioning System (GPS), this allows an investigator to go directly to a place of interest.
Although still in the very early stages, SIR-C was ( in 1994 and there have been later still-classified models) still only able to penetrate to a depth of 15 feet in lightly granulated materials, but that was enough to reveal that Ubar, rather than being a single city, was in fact a 6-mile-radius region more-or-less centered upon a site now known as Shishur, which had been a fortress-administration center for the area.
They were surprised to find that, although they had expected Ubar to have a Western orientation, in fact, the pottery shards discovered showed Ubar to have a more Eastern orientation. It also showed that there was considerable agriculture going on, in addition to a lively trade in horses, frankincense and myrrh.
One of the surprises of the SIR overflights was that at some point, this highly-desertified region had once closely resembled present-day Europe, its countryside carved by running water.
Known as 'Remote Sensing', the Landsat SIR series of satellites is only one of the tools newly available to Archeologists. The investigation of the Ubar site also utilized Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), consisting of a red box, two feet square and eight inches high, which when dragged over the ground, gives a rough picture of what may lie underneath. Geophysical Diffraction Tomography (GDT) accomplishes the same purpose with the sound waves coming from an 8-gauge shotgun.
All this technology allows for the non-destructive mapping of potential archeological sites and the discovery of interesting terrain details. It has recently revealed the radar images of a long-suspected earlier piece of the Great Wall of China.
This explosion in technology, including the real possibilities in gene mapping which allows up to follow the routes of ancestors, has also led to a quantum leap in archeological discoveries which MUST lead to a complete revamping of the hitherto ‘orthodox’ views of our history.
A prime example is Peru, where sites like Caral, 180 miles north of Lima in the Supe Valley, have caused us to completely revise our views of its ancient history.
Caral may well be the oldest city (4,600 years old) that we have found in the Americas, although Tiahuanaco may be older, we're just not sure enough to say.
Caral is not just two or three fallen down mud huts huddled around a dusty plaza, but even the little that has been uncovered so far presents rather a substantial and sophisticated site. So far they have found two sunken circular plazas, and eight residential areas. There were apartment buildings, modest homes and grand mansions, pointing to an established social pecking order. Some houses were made of adobe, while more modest dwellings were constructed of reed stiffened with mud. and platform mounds, the largest of which measures 160 meters long and 18 meters high.
In addition there are 6 large pyramid-shaped platforms grouped around the central plaza, plus several smaller pyramids that had buildings perched on top. The pyramids were stepped, with a stone staircase running up one side, much like the later, but much smaller, Mayan pyramids. The largest Caral pyramid is only 60 feet high, but the base—500 feet long and 450 feet wide—is “huge” by American standards.
The builders installed one of the world’s first complex irrigation systems in the city, diverting the water from the Supe River more than a mile upstream, using the water to irrigate their crops
Quite a pile of stone to be ‘lost’.
Monumental stone structures like those found at Caral are usually associated with civilizations dated to after 1500 BCE, but the new dates place the Caral remains somewhere between 2627 and 1977 BCE, as far back as the time that orthodox archeology places the construction of the great pyramid at Giza.
The finding calls two established archaeological theories into question. One of these holds that complex civilization didn't arise until the so-called ceramic period, around 1500 BCE. The other holds that civilization first evolved in coastal areas, not inland, where Caral is located. While most civilizations seem to have been founded upon some kind of cultivatable grain, Caral, near to the ocean, may have used dried fish as a medium of currency.
Caral is at least 1400 years older than the oldest previously known American civilization of the Olmec in Mexico.
Besides Caral, there also appear to be four other sites you can see from one to another. If they are contemporaneous, we are looking at thousands of people in the valley at a very early date.
In other words, a civilization that was lost, has been found.
MYTHS
Atlantis is one of those myths, one of those legends beyond identifiable artifacts, beyond cyclopean constructions. Most archaeologists deny the possibility of an Atlantean existence. But not all.
Pangea, and Wegener's theory of Continental Drift are used to deny the legend of the vanished continent, but close examination shows that the theories actually reinforce the possibility of Atlantis.
Open your mind to possibilities. I'm not trying to make any converts and it certainly isn't my intention to write a scientific book with hundreds of footnotes, but if I have sparked an interest, the attached bibliography will point you in the right direction.
The experts tell us that our history and our civilization probably dates from no earlier than 4,000 B.C.E. and the Great Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt, with only herding and early agriculture before that. But strangely enough, it appears that Egyptian civilization began suddenly on a very high plane with a legend that their progenitors had 'come from the West.'
Is there a reason why the Hindu, Egyptian and Babylonian calendars began approximately 11,000 B.C.E.? Why the Olmec/Mayan calendar begins at about 8500 B.C.E.?
By carefully examining history and the literature, glimpses of a far distant past begin to appear. New scientific techniques have indicated that many of the monumental structures in Egypt, Mexico, Peru and Bolivia may actually be many thousands of years older, maybe even tens of thousands of years older than previously thought.
There is a Mexico-Atlantean connection that mostly centers on the Yucatan where the Atlanteans supposedly landed from the continent of Atlantis, the remnants of which are the islands of the West Indies, Cuba and Haiti/Dominican Republic.
Although the legendary Atlantis may have sunk as the result of an asteroid strike about 9500 B.C.E. But it is well established that approximately 11,000 years ago the last Ice Age ended, sending forth billions of gallons of ice and snow and resulting in a sudden, terrifying flood that raised sea levels by over 300 feet! Certainly such an event would have worldwide effects that would become a racial memory. Become a myth. Become a legend.
Was this memory recalled as the Biblical Flood? Almost every folk tradition throughout the world has the memory and legend of a great flood? Could Noah and his family have been Atlantean survivors flung to the ends of the earth by the swirling waters? Did this catastrophe inundate the continent of Atlantis and many of its surrounding seaside colonies? Did it strand overseas Atlanteans in strange lands to fend for themselves, and could there have been a mass exodus of survivors fleeing to the Yucatan as a relatively close landfall to attempt to reestablish their once pre-eminent civilization?
Hypothetically, they could have brought with them their civilization, which we now recognize as Mayan, and the legends of Quetzalcoatl and Kulkulcan, as well as the legends of the flood and the survivor's flight from the sinking lands as set forth in the Mayan Chilam Balaam and Popul Vu
If there was no Atlantis, from whence came the Atlantic Ocean, the Antilles, the Atlas Mountains, Atlas himself, Arulla, Attala, Aztlan, Azatlan, Aztec, Atyantika, Atlan and even King Arthur's fabled isle of Avalon? All those legends of the protean western lands that sank beneath the boundless waves.
If approached with an open mind, with no vested interest in the archeological status quo, it soon becomes apparent that while we may be the ancestors, we are somehow not the inheritors. If man has been on earth in his present form for at least two million years with the same brain configuration, what was he doing for one million 995,000 of those years?
There are a whole series of what are called OOPARTs, for Out Of Place Artifacts. Things that cannot be explained within the framework of accepted knowledge.
How can we explain a 43,000 year-old working iron mine in Africa, and what were they doing with the iron all those years ago? Where did domesticated horses with modern bridles come from 25,000 years ago? And what of the mounting indications that we are not the first, and might only be the latest in a long line of vanished civilizations, destroyed by flood, fire, pole shifts, asteroids, planetary drive-bys and what-have-you.
What do you make of an ancient Greek computer? Of a Babylonian electric battery? Electric lights in ancient Egyptian tomb paintings? How did the ancients move gigantic blocks without machinery? Construct enormous monuments high in impassable mountains which we cannot duplicate even today?
Why are there maps from the dim pasts of time showing an ice-free Antarctica and enormously detailed American coastlines from before the time of Columbus? Ancient astronomical findings that are only now being borne out? Writing 35,000 years old? Ground optical lenses from excavations at Nineveh? The fabled crystal skulls of the Maya which we could not reproduce even today? 4,000-year-old airplane models?
Try to explain an intricately engraved silver chalice found encased in granitic rock that could only have taken hundreds of thousands, maybe millions of years to form? An iron screw also found within a granite boulder? Impossible iron nails found by the Spanish in a pre-Columbian Peruvian mine? A pre-Columbian golden figurine with a system of mechanical gears found in Panama?
How could there possibly be a stone geode found in California containing a metal core wire surrounded by a ceramic material and encased in a sleeve of petrified wood? Who drew the 25,000-year-old Ice-age cave drawings showing people dressed in what appears to be modern clothing? There is a 7,000-year-old Yugoslavian settlement of houses with poured-concrete foundations incorporating indirect central heating, 5,000 years before the Romans supposedly discovered concrete?
And that is not to mention the numerous underwater constructions of enormous proportions which are only now being discovered and have yet to be explored. They exist on shorelines and continental shelves all over the world, including an underwater sacbéob off the western shores of the Yucatan, a ceremonial white road of the Maya built of closely-fitted giant stone blocks that extends out from the shoreline for more than a quarter of a mile before it disappears. It must have been intended to go somewhere. Even today we have no idea how these constructions could even be built.
It is time to search for Atlantis in the area of the Azores Plateau where the vast Sargossa Sea indicates an undersea anomaly, where birds and ocean creatures still return and circle their sunken ancestral breeding grounds.
Hindu-Buddhist texts speak of billions of years. The Greeks suggested that cataclysmic ends to civilization had occurred once every 10,000 years (which means we are due). We are not the first and we will not be the last.
As seekers, we have only just begun.
NOAH’S FLOOD
The first question is whether there was actually a worldwide flood in ancient times? There is a fair amount (no, almost an overwhelming amount) of evidence that says that there was a worldwide deluge some 9,000 years ago
Think about the strangeness of a Pyramid Lake fish called the Cui-ui (Kwee-wee) by the Paiute Indians of Nevada, for whom the medium-sized sucker fish once provided the staff of their life. Now listed as an endangered species, it could almost serve as a model for man’s depredations of our environment. But that is not the issue here.
An estimated 4,000 of the ugly 2 million-year-old fish still survive in the 27-mile long Pyramid Lake in Nevada. One of the four, now landlocked) shrunken remnants (including Lake Tahoe) of an enormous prehistoric body of water, covering some 8,000 square miles, including most of what is now Nevada and Utah, this still formidable lake is composed of salt water.
But that is not the point of interest. The Cui-ui is unique in the United States, and is unique in the entire world, except for two other colonies of Cui-ui, one that exists in Bolivia’s 12,725 feet high Lake Titicaca. Billed as the highest navigable lake in the world, it is a 110 mile- long, 3200 square foot remnant of another prehistoric lake known as Tuica, and another in the fabled Black Sea.
The creation of the present-day Black Sea has already been discussed. It is a salt-water inundation of what was originally a fresh-water lake, resulting in a bottom layer of fresh-water, overlaid with a salt-water sea.
There is a difference between the three bodies of water in that Titicaca is a technically a fresh-water lake, although brackish with a relatively high saline level, while Pyramid is a salt-water lake and the Black Sea is a mixture of fresh and salt-water. Titicaca is alleged to have been formed by excessive prehistoric precipitation, but Titicaca and the surrounding area also abounds in salt-water seashells, not explained by this rainfall theory. At some time, this nearly 15,000 foot high lake must have been at sea level.
What could these three widespread colonies of this prehistoric fish possibly have in common? Is it possible that the three colonies of identical fish could have evolved independently? Hardly likely.
No, at some time in the long-ago past, there must have been a common factor. Could the Cui-ui have been demographically widespread throughout the world, and only survived in these three locations?
That raises the question that if there had originally been a widespread salt-water Cui-ui population throughout the oceans of the world, why are there only a relatively few remnants of the species in these isolated locations?
Whether it be disease, natural enemies, or just evolution, the fact is that the rest of the species has apparently died off leaving only these three habitats.
What of the fact that one is a salt-water species, the other fresh-water, and the third a mixture of both? What of Lake Titicaca? Could it have been an enormous salt-water lake, possibly originally somehow connected with the sea, and somehow have been raised to its present elevated position? And when it became landlocked and begun to shrink, could the addition of incalculable amounts of fresh-water precipitation over an extended period of time have eventually accomplished such a dilution that the lake became freshwater?
And what of the poor salt-water Cui-ui trapped within a slowly evolving fresh-water lake? Could the species have been expected to die off? Probably, and that might well have happened in the rest of the world, but not in Lake Titicaca, where the slow evolution of the lake might have allowed the collateral evolution of the Cui-ui, from salt-water to fresh-water fish.
Could the lowly salt-water Cui-ui be another scrap of proof of the worldwide flood that has come down to us as Noah’s, or the Sumerian flood of Gilgamesh?
The legend of Gilgamesh said that the world was covered with clay until the ground was flat like a roof. Sir Charles Wooley, in his excavations at Ur, found a subterranean ten foot layer of clay filled with marine animals, and below that, the remnants of a primitive civilization, and his conclusion was that he had found evidence of a flood some 4000 years ago.
Mayan folklore says that every 5000 years one age ends and a new one begins. The last one was 3113 BCE, ending in ACE 2011. Recent Russian unvestigations show that the Atlantic basin is unstable. They took samples of the seabed suggesting that 10,000 years ago the mid-Atlantic ridge was above the surface of the Atlantic. Cores found at the12,000 feet level carry life forms usually seen in fresh-water lakes and sediment found in shallow water and upon dry land. Just as underwater debris can be raised to great heights above sea level to form mountain chains, the reverse is also true.
6 million years ago, the Med was a desert 10,000 feet below sea level. In 1898, a cable-laying expedition near the Azores brought up an example of lava only found above water, but raised it from 500 meters underwater!
Ignatius Donnelly, the original popularizer of Atlantis claimed that the Azores were the mountain peaks of Atlantis.
A Swedish paleobotanist, using the evidence of geologic core samples theorized that the mid-atlantic ridge was shaped by above-water weathering processes.
Where the Atlantic meets the Caribbean in mid-ocean, granitic rock was discovered, but granitic rock is never found in the open ocean. It is either a lost continent or the building of a new continental mass.
In one place on the mid-atlantic ridge, it was found that the seafloor had risen 4000 feet in 25 years. In 1966, a whole new island, which we have named Surtsey, was formed off Iceland by volcanic activity, and is now developing permanent vegetation and has since been joined by 2 other islands.
The mid-atlantic chain is the locus of an oceanic earthquake belt.
Plato's description of Atlantis' temperate climate is matched by that of the Azores, which also has the hot & cold springs that Plato describes. ⅔rds of the butterflies found on the Azores are also found in Europe. A blind crab is found nowhere else but in a single saltwater tidal pool on Lanzarote in the Canaries, while a related species lives at what may be the submarine exit of this Atlantic pond. Was the crustacean marooned by the sinking of Atlantis?
During the last ice age the Ocean dropped over 400 feet extending land coverage to the extent of the continental shelves. The ocean began to rise again about 15,000 years ago as the ice melted. A dramatic rise took place some 11,500 years ago, and a rapid melting about 9,600 BCE was the cause of flooding for some twenty years.
If we examine Professor Hapgood’s table of the earth’s magnetic shifts, and interpolate it with additional information, an interesting timeline is developed.
There was a magnetic north pole shift between 78,000 and 73,000 BCE from the vicinity of the Yukon to Greenland Sea.
There was another shift between 53,000 BCE and 48,000 BCE from the Greenland Sea to Hudson's Bay.
A wooly mammoth dating to between 45,000 BCE and 37,000 BCE was found beneath the Siberian tundra. It was shown to have died and been frozen so instantaneously that the buttercups that it had been eating were flash-frozen still in the creatures mouth. Those buttercups could not have grown in Siberia and there must have been an instant shift from a warmer climate.
In 26,000 BCE. There was a pole reversal.
Volcanism resumed 27,800 BCE.
Hapgood theorizes that the earth’s crust is like an orange peel floating on a liquid rind, and the only reason that it doesn’t continuously slide is because it gets hung up on a solid rock ridge or some such obstacle. Every so often, because of the expansion and contraction of the peel due to the gravitational pull of the moon, the peel slips off the obstruction, and shifts until it hangs up again. Seems like a pretty fragile construction to find a footing on..
Hapgood suggests that around 23,000 BCE, a shifting of the earth's crust caused the Santorini explosion.
Edgar Cayce dreamed that around 28,200 BCE, there was a destruction of Atlantis in the area of the Sargossa Sea.
In 18,000 BCE Magnetic field returned to its present north-south configuration.
Between15,000 BCE and 10,000 BCE the north pole shifted from Hudson's Bay to its present location.
Cayce says that around 10,700 BC, there was the final destruction of the remaining island of Poseidia (Atlantis), and that the Atlantean refugees arrived at Bimini at that time.
At around10, 376 BCE, there was another Magnetic reversal.
9600 BC Worldwide flood & rapid ice melting
9570 BC End of Atlantis (Plato’s date)
6031 BC Cataclysm destroys Bimini site (Carol)
4021 BC Bimini culture abandons area (Carol)
3000 BC - 1200 BC Trans-Atlantic voyaging (Gordon)
2030 AD Pole Reversal? Harwood & Malin
It is suggested that Europe was populated by 3 waves of immigration, the first beginning in 34,000 BCE and ending about 27,000 BCE. The second beginning about 15,000 BCE and ending about 10,000 BCE. The final wave began about 8,000 BCE, ending about 6,000 BCE Cro-Magnon man of the Aurignacian and Magdalenian man seemed to have been highly developed before even reaching the Iberian peninsula. All of these incursions seem to have venerated the bull as a central concern, as was true in Egypt and Crete.
Charles Berlitz argued that the great similarity of language throughout the world was an argument for a seminal culture. The famous Leakey family places the origin of man at least 3.75 million years ago.
The ocean floor is younger than previously suspected because of the simultaneous drifting apart of the continents and the creation of a new sea floor. New theory suggests that that ice ages occur on a cyclical basis every 50,000 years.
Sequential civilizations with no ‘carry-through’ need some explanation as to what happened to previous civilizations. One explanation might lie in pole reversals. There is little question that have been at least 170 magnetic pole reversals in the past, each of them with the result of possibly minimizing the shielding effect and allowing penetration of cosmic rays for a period of time, triggering seismic activity as well as a cultural decimation and the necessity of starting all over again.
Carbon 14 dating (questionable at best) has placed Stonehenge earlier and independent of Egypt and Mycaenae. The Great pyramid's sophisticated astronomy and mathematics indicate survival of past knowledge. .
Lewis Spence argues for a West - East migration which is a reversal of orthodox timelines, but at the very least, a comparison of Pre-Columbian art shows all racial types and indicates an extremely complex cross-migratory pattern.
Early attempts at placing timelines for migration, made use of bloodtypes. While this effort has seemingly been superceded by DNA analysis, there is still some validity in examining the interesting tales as told by blood typing. These examinations showed that while East Asian blood types contained a very high incidence ( 30-60%) of B and AB, the Amerindian had a very low incidence of these types, bringing into question the classic Bering Strait in-migrations. The Basques of northern Spain have been mentioned as a possible Atlantean colony, and they have a similar rarity of the B-type. Again casting doubt on an exclusively oriental in-migration.
The now-vanished Guanche culture of the Canary Islands has also been mentioned as possible remnant of the Atlantean culture, and they possessed a legend of a universal catastrophic flood, believing themselves to be the only survivors.
Interestingly enough, there exists no evidence of the Guanches being a sea-going people and there is a theory that they had possibly crossed on a land bridge before the rise in ocean levels.
Physically similar to Cro-Magnon man, the Guanches lived in caves and had large underground buildings reminiscent of Mediterranean cultures. They also claimed to have had ten kings, just as Plato's Atlantis. They mummified their dead, wrestled similar in fashion to that depicted in Egyptian middle-kingdom bas-reliefs and they also practiced sun-worship as did Egyptians, Maya and Inca. They had a still-mysterious written language with no apparent antecedents.
It is not the purpose here to again examine the many Maya and Egyptian parallels, but if Olmec-Mayan culture has now been pushed back to 3,000 BCE, and the giant Olmec heads were representations of an indigenous local group, where are they today? Most, if not all, early cultures, including the Maya and Egyptian, showed a great interest in astronomy, the skies providing many of their religious icons, and most peoples used high platforms and ingenious constructions to aid in their observations.
The Maya numerical system used a base 20, as did many other peoples, is this an example of the simultaneous invention of indigenous creators, or is the evidence of cross-pollination of ideas?
We are asked to believe that civilization started some 4,000 years ago, then proceeded in a straight line from a standing start in the fertile crescent 10,000 years ago, all occurring after the ocean's rise, but there is a mounting mass of evidence that shows that civilization actually began much further in the past, and that there was commerce and interplay before the flood.
UNDER THE BLACK SEA
While the frenzy surrounding antediluvian civilizations rages on, Bob Ballard of Titanic fame, under the auspices of the National Geographic Society, began the exploration of the bottom of the Black Sea, discovering what appears to be a building circa 5000 BCE, more than 500 feet beneath the surface.
Ballard had long argued that the freshwater layer at the bottom of the Black Sea would be a literal museum for sunken ships and evidences of habitation, because the low oxygen level of the freshwater layer would not support the bacterial and wood boring marine worms that would destroy sails, wood, and other materials.
Initially thought to be a traditionally primitive ‘wattle and daub’ structure, it has now been discovered that the suggested mud slab block foundations were in fact solid rock, and that there is also clear evidence of human-worked wooden forms. The purpose of the forms is, as yet unclear, except that it shows a human presence.
In their 1999 book, Noah’s Flood, marine geologists William B.F. Ryan and colleague William C. Putnam III, argued that, just as the great Atlantic had broken through the Straits of Gibraltar some 5 million years ago to form the Mediterranean Sea, so rising water in the earth’s oceans caused the Mediterranean to first leak, and then flood, through the natural earthen dam blocking what we now know as the Strait of Bosphorus.
For as long as two years, a saltwater cataract the equal of twenty Niagaras crashed down a four hundred foot drop some twenty miles into the freshwater Black Sea, inundating approximately 20,000 square miles of shoreline and displacing an estimated 10,000 people.
Examination of mollusks lifted from the floor of the Bosphorus Strait confirm a uniform single entry date of these saltwater creatures into what had been a freshwater sea. The new immigrants show that the flood occurred close to 5650 BCE.
It would have been a terrifying and memorable event, the thundering noise audible for many miles and the towering spume visible to tens of thousands of watchers, while the fleeing refugees would have caused conflict, starvation and displacement over a wide area.
Our first record of the Biblical Floods can be traced to Aramaic cuneiform tablets of 900 BCE, from which the Genesis texts were taken. There are other deluge myths that can be traced back I,000 years beyond that, and the Sumerian legends seem to place the flood back somewhat after 3000 BCE.
Elsewhere we cover the veracity of oral traditions, and the very real possibility that it was not even necessary to write or memorialize events in full, At most there might be ‘memory joggers’ in various forms, such as the Peruvian ‘Quipus’, only knots tied in bundles of strings. We might not even recognize these ‘memory joggers’ and they might even be heavily disguised, because it was always a point of pride to remember the sagas, songs and epics word for exact word, and the ‘rememberers’ comprised an honored and even revered profession.
Storytellers have been our entertainment since before time began, and without electronic transmission, these troubadors, bards and wandering minstrels would have been the only means of transmitting eagerly awaited news, legends, songs and stories.
While the Black Sea inundation might well be the event later remembered as ‘Noah’s Flood’, that does not explain the many littorals (shorelines) and flood plain strata that have been found throughout the world. So the Black Sea Flood may or may not have been the Biblical deluge, but that does not preclude other floods at the same or other times, possibly even more than one flood in the same place.
It is well established that there was a sudden end to the Ice Age, and a consequential rising of the sea levels as a result of glacial melting, but it is also agreed that there was such an end, and that it resulted in a gradual, persistent, 400 foot rise in worldwide sea levels.
It is supposition that this rise in the Mediterranean Sea is what precipitated the Black Sea flood.
It matters little whether it can ever be proved that this was ‘Noah’s Flood’ because the Black Sea find is much more than that. It pushes back our knowledge of mankind’s past once agajn. The Black Sea is more than just a repository of drowned settlements and cities, because it will yield up shipwrecks from many ages, exposing to us for the first time, the technological levels reached and the range of trade.
Underwater archeology is already rewriting history in a way that finds have been called ‘paradigm busters’.
Now that we have finally developed the ability to investigate at least the depths of the Aegean portion of the Mediterranean Sea as well as the Black Sea, a new window into our archeological heritage has been opened.
In addition to his find of a drowned shoreline settlement, Robert Ballard discovered an intact, 45 foot long, hand-carved wooden ship, with a still-standing 35 foot mast, lying at the 1000 foot level, and estimated to be at least 2000 years old.
It is also one of a group of eight Roman-era wrecks, all from different periods, with the newest being from 400 ACE, all eight within a relatively small area of search.
The real import of this is that the Black Sea was a major trading area, and that it will likely be discovered to be littered with wrecks from all periods of our past history, and from both after and before the great flood.
Certainly these sunken ships will change our view of early history, but to be cautious, it will be as if someone in the far future were trying to resurrect our culture, using as the sole evidence, the examination of ancient crashed airliners. Elucidative, but hardly encyclopedic.
Nevertheless, Ballard explains the value of such deep-sea wrecks. Until now, most discovered ships have foundered near shore, run on a reef or rocks, torn open and then sunk in shallow waters, where they continued to be pounded to pieces by storms.
In deep seas, ships often sink while still whole, slowly drifting down like a leaf, then settling gently into the soft bottom mud. While worms and bacteria may quickly dispose of the wooden hull, this often leaves the cargo and other artifacts exposed and intact.
If the nautical grave is far from land, the rate of sedimentation may be less than ½ inch per thousand years, and the cold of the depths refrigerates the wreck and contents in suspended animation.
Amazing as these finds are, they pale into insignificance when placed beside a find by George Bass, called the ‘Father of Underwater Archeology’. As a student, Bass had first excavated a late Bronze Age Phoenician wreck, dated to 1300 BCE, some 3300 years ago.
The discovery blew out of the water (so to speak) the theory that the eastern Mediterranean was the exclusive province of Greek Sailors until the late Iron Age.
While Mycenaean (Bronze Age Greek) pottery had been found throughout the Near East region, there had been little evidence of reciprocal trading.
That is, until the discovery of this 3300-year-old shipwreck with a capacity of 20 tons, and which still carried:
-Ebony logs from Africa
-Glass ingots
-Amber beads from northern Europe
-A bronze sword from Italy
-A stone mace from Romania
-Various seals from Mesopotamia, Greece,
and the Syro-Palestinian coast.
-Golden scarabs from Egypt
-Pottery and ten tons of copper ingots from
Cyprus
-Ceramics and beads from Greece
-Ostrich eggshells from Africa
-A ton of tin ingots from Afghanistan
-Pithoi jars containing Cypriot goods
-Metal, ivory and faience containers
-A jeweler's horde of gold and silver
-Bronze tools, weapons, and pottery from
Syria and the Palestinian coast.
All representing a cornucopia of goods that was finally proof-positive of an early widespread trading culture that was extremely sophisticated in scope.
The Near-Eastern provenance of the ship itself, was supported by a typical Phoenician folding wooden writing tablets, a gold-clad Canaanite statuette, Phoenician pan-balance weights, as well as twenty-four Phoenician-style single-hole anchors, virtually unknown in the Aegean.
Even the very structure of the ship caused a revision of the estimate of shipbuilding techniques of the long-ago past. They had sufficient knowledge to use cedar planking because it was more resistant to shrinkage and decay than other woods. They also used the sophisticated 'shell-based', pegged, mortise -and-tenon planking, that was used on Roman ships more than a thousand years later. While Khufu's sunboat of 2600 BCE, also used mortise-and-tenon construction, they used on ligature fastenings and not the more secure wooden pegs.
The bottom of the seas of the world might well be our key to the past.
LOST CITY OF THE ANDES
Okay, so if we’re really talking about an antediluvian civilization, where’s the evidence?
Well, maybe it’s in Peru, at a place 12 miles south of the southernmost tip of Lake Titicaca, and some 13,300 feet in the Andes Mountains. We call it Tiahuanaco, but is more properly called Tiwanaku. It is a gigantic site, covering over 400 acres that we know of so far and less than 10% has been uncovered!
Dominated by the cyclopean Gate of the Sun, carved from a single block of stone and weighing an almost unimaginable 1200 tons, standing alone, it symbolizes a feat of almost unimaginable (and unduplicatable) engineering skill. The intricately carved surface may be a record of scientific, mathematical, astronomical and calendrical achievements of the Tiwanaku culture at its peak.
Estimated as flourishing anywhere between 17,000 BC and 1200 AD, megalithic structures matching the land structures 12 miles south and 800 feet above the lake’s surface, have now been discovered off the northeastern coast of the lake.
It is hardly surprising that there should be an 18,000-year gap in the estimations, for the very real possibility is that Tiwanaku was an occupied site, on-and-off for many years.
Even in today’s world, sites occupied for millennia are not unusual. Rome, London, Jerusalem, Baghdad, and hundreds of other cities seem to have defied time. Conquerors and civilizations come and go, but many places are eternal (or as close to it as we can envision).
For at least part of the time Tiwanaku was all underwater, as evidenced by the fact that part of the ruins are six feet below the earth’s surface, only possible if the city were inundated, and the silt was left upon evaporation.
For there could have only been evaporation, because Lake Titicaca, 110 miles long and 45 miles wide, is the largest navigable, land-locked lake in the world. There is no inflow and no outflow to this salt-water anomaly, so how could it have been formed?
The almost inescapable conclusion is that this is a remnant of the sea!
It appears that at one time in the dim past, Tiwanaku, now 13,300 feet high in the Andes Mountains, was a sea-level port! It was clearly in existence before the lake was created!
How do we know this? Because the region has a profusion of fossilized marine life, and because there are megalithic docks and port facilities at Puna Punku, even now 12 miles from the Lake. These facilities were obviously built and artificially dredged to service hundreds of ships, and these facilities are far too large to have only serviced the Lake Titicaca area, even at its largest extent.
In addition there is a clear ocean littoral, a coastline that runs through the site, and it is replete with fossilized sea life.
But even more than that, there is sea life still living within the lake, even seahorses.
We marvel at the impossible feat of the Inca in building these megalithic structures miles up in the Andes Mountains.
No need to marvel, for they didn’t, and indeed couldn’t have done it. They only took advantage of, and occupied, a redoubt out of reach of the Spanish.
Another mystery is that the Tiwanaku constructions appear to be a first impression site! Nowhere is there any evidence of predecessors or cruder constructions along the way to these great megalithic structures that suddenly appeared, full-blown! Where the builders came from, who they were, and what kind of knowledge they brought from some unknown place in that far-distant past, we simply do not know.
And what of the language that the indigenous Aymara people still speak to this day? It has no roots or any similarity with any known language and yet analysis has shown that it is a synthetic, totally-unambiguous, highly-organized, almost computer-like language.
Now we come to the flood, or maybe it is only A flood! And even then, it can only be part of the story, because some unimaginable force pushed the sea-level up almost three miles to form the Andes Mountains, carrying with it the seawater to form this anomalous lake.
We think of the earth and the heavens as immutable, something that has always been there, and will always be there. It is not true now, and it never has been.
Our universe was born in chaos and cataclysm, and like a giant cue ball caroming around the cosmic billiard table, the effects have been reverberating ever since.
All is theory, but one of the Hoerbinger theory is that well before 12,000 years ago, our skies were dominated by a different moon. The gravity exerted by this closer moon stabilized the earth’s oceans, but then the satellite approached too close and disintegrated, showering the earth with fire and fragments.
The sudden increasing of the gravitational pull that had stabilized earth’s oceans drew the oceans into a bulge or belt around the equator. This drowned the equatorial regions, leaving the polar lands high and dry and then releasing the waters to flood back over the earth resulting in an equalization of the waters.
Then our present wandering moon came by and about 12,000 years ago, and was captured by earth’s gravitational pull to become our familiar moon, but not without great cost. The gravitational pull exerted by the new moon in it’s captured orbit, once again drew the oceans into their present equatorial bulge, flooding the central belt once more, and theoretically drowning the thriving metropolis of Tiwanaku.
There are other theories of what might have caused the terrible flooding and attendant catastrophes. Emmanuel Velikovsky theorized that the floods were the result of a brush with the planet Venus before it settled into its present orbit, while Zechariah Sitchin has a theory about a mysterious 8th Planet with an eccentric orbit that may yet return to wreak havoc.
This is borne out by an old Tobago legend that says: "ole moon broke an' the sea rushed in." It is also reflected in the Maya Chilam Balaam, detailing the inrush of the waters and the earthquakes and volcanoes such a cataclysm would produce. Even more telling is the apparent detritus of a catastrophic flood leaving a jumble of human, animal and fish skeletons, intermingled with wreckage and ordinary household goods just below the surface.
A possible remnant of the catastrophe are the so-called Carolina Bays, some 3,000 land depressions of various sizes which were the result of some kind of major strike that occurred at around 8500 BC.
The agricultural anomaly in the high Andes is the terraced hillside farming that clings precariously to the cliffs of the Andes, the farmers chancing a 2 mile fall, straight down. How is it possible that agriculture would be attempted at that height where growth would be stunted and there would be an extremely limited range of crops.
The answer is that when the farming was done there on the peaks of the Andes, that was near sea level, where only the very tops of the mountains were still exposed, to be later raised to their present level, and where all but the waters drained off as the mountains were thrust up together with the basin-like geography that formed the lake.
This is further borne out by the conjecture that as the waters receded down to their modern-day level, this terraced agriculture also receded down the mountain-sides, the cultivations nearest to the bottom being the freshest.
All this is the site today known as Tiwanaku, abandoned (except for the hordes of marveling turistas), forlorn, but heavy with messages and knowledge of the past.
Now, there are new claims made for a vast civilization, outlines of which were discovered from the air, and centered on the Bolivian altiplano, the place between the mountains. In other words, the Lake Titicaca area. These new sightings (although once again claimed for Atlantis) might well be a part of the Tiwanakan Empire, acknowledged as the first Andean Empire, asserted to have emerged about 600 BC with Tiahanaco as its trade and religious center, the Empire boundaries spreading far beyond the present-day borders of Bolivia. BUT, it is known that the site has been permanently settled for at least 21,000 years!
As yet, no serious archeological excavations have begun in this remote area.
1374 words
SEARCHING FOR THE NAZCA CIVILIZATION
Nazca - Ica & Cahuachi - Ventilla
It is desert. Dry, arid, windswept and sunbaked. Abandoned. Sparsely habited. It first came to the attention of the present-day Western World when passing flights reported what have become known as the Nazca Lines. Miles and miles of fantastic insects, animals, birds and sea mammals as well as incredibly straight lines scribed over hills and valleys, going apparently nowhere. Trumpeted as an ancient spaceport for aliens, close examination showed that they would have to be teeny-tiny spacecraft, because many of the lines were small enough to be barely walking paths. As in all ancient enigmatic sites, the jury is still out, but some interesting theories have arisen.
And some amazing findings have been made.
Nazca is not just a series of isolated drawings in the middle of nowhere.
Nazca was a complicated and extensive civilization that has been lost to the world for at least a thousand years.
As of 1983, on the edge of the Nazca lines, an extensive project began to trace a giant 370 acre, 40 structure ceremonial center dominated by a 100 foot high pyramid, about 10 stories tall. This is Cahuachi, connected by lines to the nearby buried urban center of Ventilla, which is where the populace apparently lived, worked, traded and played. These are the parts of the civilization that have been uncovered so far.
While we have no idea of what caused the abandonment of the site, it was obviously sacred to the people, because the pyramid was carefully covered over and sealed with dried mud, the same materials they used to build their massive walls.
Peru and the Andean Cordillera have proven to be a rich font of lost civilization, and discovery after discovery have added up to a growing realization that this area was far more populated, and far more advanced than was previously thought. Other discoveries and investigations such as Tiahuanaco, and … continue to ‘fill in the gaps’, to ‘flesh out’ the picture of an extensive, interactive civilization.
Located just south of the Nazca Lines, the Cahuachi project has revealed buried, well-preserved caches of the fantastically intricate and closely-woven Nazca textiles. It is these textiles that may have provided us with the key to the Lines and to the civilization. But the abundance of textiles exists because the site is also infested with tomb-robbers who have already made off with the more easily-found pottery and other artifacts, and who sometimes battle the archeologists for the rest.
We have recently found scattered skeletons and skulls which the tomb-robbers were not able to easily market and dispose of.
A large number of hideously-deformed adult skulls were found, the so-called cabezas larga. the elongated skulls. It is alleged that these skulls were deformed in infancy to this unusual shape, but such skulls have been found all over the world, and there must have been some reason or myth that drove the society to do this, or in the alternative, this is some kind of natural mutation that squeezed the skulls into this snakelike formation. Other such skulls have been discovered and found to be natural, and it might do to await an anthropological examination.
The closely-woven, intricately-figured textiles of the Nazca provide one clue as to the existence of the Lines. A theory is that the animal, insect, bird and fish figures are all totems belonging to individual families, clans or organizations, and that the Lines are only enlargements of these totems writ large in the desert artistically depicted in single-line drawings that are, in fact ceremonial walkways.
Another part of the Lines are the geometrical figures and straight lines that may have pointed toward the most precious asset in that parched land, water. They are also connected to the over 150 kilometers of underground aqueducts that were required to survive in the desert. Additional Lines led from the town of Ventilla to the supposed temple complex of Cahuachi.
Seems to be a better theory than runways for teeny-tiny spaceships!
Although, who is to say that alien visitors could not come in teeny-tiny spaceships? They might be much bigger or much smaller than we are, as dictated by the gravitational fields or forces that acted upon them, just as our size is dictated by our own earth.
You may have stepped on an alien today!
I find it difficult to separate the archeologist from the tomb robber or antiquity thief. What is the difference? As a matter of fact, the indigenous tomb-robber often has a superior right over the foreigner who is there digging up the ancestors of the tomb-robber. After all, the antecedents of archeology are graven in the explorers who looted sites to take the relics back to their own country, where some of them remain to this very day, while the possessors of the stolen property fight aggressive delaying actions to avoid returning the treasures. Reminiscent of the Swiss and the Nazi treasures stolen from the Holocaust victims.
These tomb-robbers are only using the assets of their own ancestors for their benefit, while the archeologists come to plunder for the benefit of foreigners, or the elite of the cities. So the poor must fend for themselves and take from the tombs and the sites.
Who has the greater right?
Surely we must acknowledge the argument that antiquities must be preserved for the heritage of the country and the world, but what about the people?
120 miles from the mysteries of Nazca is the modern-day Peruvian city of Ica, near where Dr. Javier Cabrera, a medical doctor, has amassed a huge collection of what have come to be known as Ica Stones. Nearby, in a cave, is a cache of maybe 100,000 more of these small chapters of what may well be the most important encyclopedia in the world today, an encyclopedia writ in andesite, a close-grained granitic type rock, the same andesite that was used to create the sculptures at Tihuanaco that have lasted for thousands of years. These apple-sized to watermelon-sized rocks, incised, are of a material so hard that it could not be casually carved.
The Ica Stones have been lambasted as counterfeit, and indeed, the Peruvian Government arrested a supposed counterfeiter, who confessed so that he could be released.
Why did he confess? Because otherwise he would be subject to a lengthy prison term for selling the archeological bounty of Peru. If he was only carving stones for tourists, then there was no harm done.
The stones are still being sold, and to date, some 30,000 stones have been sold, yet Dr. Javier Cabrera still has some 15,000 stones displayed in a makeshift museum, and there are an estimated 100,000 still in the cave.
It is a curious thing. Dr. Javier Cabrera swears that they are not tourist counterfeits, despite the fact that they are still being sold by vendors in the streets. But the bona fides are more obvious than that. It has been estimated that to carve a single stone as intricately as some of them have been carved, might take an artisan two or three days! Now, unless there is a massive factory somewhere, employing hundreds of skilled craftsmen, having some fairly sophisticated medical, astronomical, paleontological and geographic knowledge, these stones cannot be fakes.
They are more likely OOPARTS, Out Of Place ARTifacts, and as such are subject to rigorous denial and being ignored by the orthodox scientific community, for if they are not counterfeit, then we have to change the history of the world.
They would certainly be very strange counterfeits. They seem to be indexed according to genus and filums, and contain some very esoteric knowledge, such as:
An intricate technical depiction of transplantation, complete with a treatment of tissue rejection.
Life support systems are shown that seem to be using an unknown energy conveyed through the surgeons themselves.
Heart surgery is shown with blood vessels shown being reconnected via re-absorption tubes utilizing regeneration of cells.
A caesarean section is shown where tongue acupuncture is used as a form of anesthesia.
There are a series of four stones showing the hemispheres of the earth and depicting the existence of an unknown continent that remains a part of our collective myth.
The most interesting of the stones show an earth as it existed 13 million years ago! This view from above the earth has been shown to be a correct view of the earth as it is believed to have been at the time. How could this have been known? Even better, if the stones are counterfeits carved by a peasant, where did he get the information?
One extraordinary stone depicts a man staring at the heavens through a telescope and a huge stone is carved in four sections depicting an interstellar sequence of an enormous comet following an eccentric trajectory and causing a catastrophe. It also showed a ring-shaped eclipse of the sun, the planets Jupiter and Venus, the Horse Head Nebula, and thirteen other constellations, including the Pleiades.
This encyclopedia is organized in different sections, or series of stone books for different subjects such as medicine, astronomy, astronautics, prehistoric animals (shown together with humans as if they co-existed), continents, knowledge of flora and fauna, the races of the planet, and a great cataclysm.
As already stated, the stones have already raised a great controversy, and have been the subject of several television documentaries as well as numerous articles and hundreds of web pages. They are no secret, but the only serious investigation has been a laboratory examination, which because of the patina can only be said to be very old. Rocks cannot be carbon dated.
Is there a connection with Nazca? Maybe yes, maybe no. A lot of the (admittedly amateur) research links the two, but the links are tenuous at best, and the two may even be millions of years apart.
But again, at least in the case of the Nazca civilization, it is another culture that has been lost for at least a millenia, and now has been found again.
How many more are there, and what will they reveal? In the Yucatan alone, it has been estimated that less than 10% of the Maya sites have been investigated.
"…The woods are dark and deep, and we have miles to go before we sleep…" Carl Sandburg
LOST & FOUND - THEN IGNORED
Before there was an Egypt. Before there was a Mesopotamia. There was Harappa. There was Mohenjo-Daro and Bet Dwarka.
In 1920, archeologists announced the finding of the extensive Indus Valley ruins in India. Since then, while excavations have continued, the find has been largely ignored in the West.
Originally thought to be confined to the narrow Indus Valley (hence the name), the Harappan civilization is now thought to have actually extended over a larger area than did Egypt. It is believed to have ranged from Pakistan on the east all the way to a navigable port now located in Baluchistan, on the Arabian Sea, the trade route to Mesopotamia.
The ancient dwellers of the Harrapan Empire were, in fact, the reviled Dravidians of the Indian Rig Veda, which extolled the victory of the Aryan tribes over the 'savage barbarians'. In actuality, the Dravidians were a highly developed urban civilization where its towns, notably Mohenjo-daro and Harappa represented the high points of achievement.
While the development of literature and culture in India have always been attributed to the Aryans and their Brahmin successors, it now appears that the Brahmins may have 'borrowed' many of the Dravidian accomplishments.
The Harappan civilization now seems to be one of the three (at least we recognize only three) great alluvial systems of the Tigris-Euphrates, Nile and Indus rivers; Egypt, Mesopotamia and Harappa, with Harappa extending over some 15 million square miles.
Originally attributed to a younger civilization, the Harappan is now dated as far back as the fourth millenium BCE, and once again, the dating is tentative, based upon detritus found on site.
If Bill Clinton or George Bush goes to the Great Pyramid today and drops a McDonalds' bag in the Grand Gallery, does that mean that a couple of thousand years from today, archeologists may date the structure to the year 2001 ACE?
An interesting adjunct to the dating process was the 1981 discovery of the underwater fortress city of Bet Dwarka, some ½ mile from the landside city of Divarka (Dwarka), both cities attributed to Krishna, Lord of the Vadus. Founded by him on the site of the still more ancient city of Kushasthali.
Before the sea engulfed the land, Bet Dwarka was 10 meters above the sea, and the obvious conclusion is that the fully-developed city was drowned during the end of the Ice Age flood about 12,000 BCE, long after the city itself was built.
Indian historians analyze Bet Dwarka as provenance for the tales of the Mahabharata.
And now there is the recent revelation of a nearby extensive underwater archeological site located 130 feet down on the floor of the Gulf of Khambhat that might be related to the Harrappan Empire. This find, on the banks of a now-vanished river flowing out of the Indian subcontinent has yielded dredged human fossil bones, fossil wood and pieces of pottery which carbon dating shows ranges from 7,500 to 9,500 years old. This stretching of the temporal envelope might establish this site as the earliest civilization yet found, on the edges of the last major Ice Age, may be older than the Sumerian, older than the Egyptian, and older than the Chinese. Of course, as has been seen so many times, this too is unlikely to be the last word.
The climate of the Harappan Empire was much more salubrious in early times, less desert and more tundra and forest, filled with the myriad animals so vitally depicted upon the thousands of exquisitely crafted seals still extant, almost in mass-produced numbers, but carefully detailed.
The Dravidian script has yet to be deciphered, bearing no relation to any of the known ancient languages. We have no knowledge how it developed, although it seems to have provided some of the elements for the later development of language and literature in India.
While we are still not able to decipher the Harappan writings, which might well be the first writing in the world, it is interesting to note that it bears a striking resemblance to the Tahitian Rongo-rongo writings, a fact that argues for a worldwide maritime culture.
It is likely that writing developed earlier than we had previously thought, since even the orthodox archeologists now admit that writing might well have originated back to the 4th Millenia, and may well have been reasonably restricted to the less intelligent and less educated amongst the peoples of the world. Many, many civilizations have had severely strict traditions of sagas, and epics, tales passed down from teacher to pupil, word-for-word, over the centuries and Millenia, even though the strict interpretation of the words might be lost.
“Ringaround the Rosie,
a pocketful of posies,
Husha! Husha!
We all fall down!”
Certainly we are all familiar with this simple children’s rhyme, but how many of us know that this effortless rhyme is one of the greatest horror stories ever told, and is an English chronicle of the ‘Black Death’?
We gather around the sick one with the red pustules,
We are carrying the flowers said to ward off the plague,
We sneeze, we sneeze,
Then we fall down dead!
Got it? Is it any less accurate as a portrait of the plague because it is couched in terms of a children’s rhyme? The sagas, or the Vedas, or the Biblical stories, are no different, and should be accorded the same validity.
Close examination of the Vedas, probably the first scriptures known to mankind, provides clear evidence that the positions of some stars at the time of the earliest Vedas dates them as being as early as 8,000 BCE. The Vedas also place the time of the global catastrophe (flood) as occurring some 10,000 years ago, when the icecaps receded.
The Indian Vedas are an enigma to the Western World, not only as to content, but also as to when they were written and what they purport to depict.
While the Western World thinks of the 'Vedas' as a kind of bible, it is really much more than that. 'Veda' actually means 'knowledge', but that doesn't fully represent what is included in the enormous amount and scope of the materials.
It is really an encyclopedia, a bible, a medical textbook, and various scientific textbooks, but there are also items that would not now be politically correct.
The Mahabharata tale of the war is the story of Colored race vs. the White race. From what we really know at present, and we really don't know that much, the rudimentary knowledge we have is borne out by the Mahabharata.
The peoples of the Harappan Empire/confederation, or whatever it was, were apparently peaceful and basically agricultural in nature, when they were descended upon by the Aryans, who were not only aggressive, hostile and warlike, but also equipped with the latest technology. Their iron weapons and spoked chariots wreaked havoc among the Dravidians, killing tens of thousands, almost as if it were a sport.
The Vedas are wide-ranging and complicated, the strange-sounding Indian names only making it more difficult for Western minds to comprehend.
The Vedas are actually a series of books, music, prayers, instructions and stories that amount to more than 100,000 verses in total.
The oldest and most important of the books praises Aryan gods, sets up a caste system, lauds victories and teaches military sciences.
But first and foremost it is a racial document, celebrating the great victory of the Aryans and the supremacy of the light-colored races over the dark, with an obscene gloating of the militaristic race's victory over a bucolic race that they called the Ramayana. It talks about the strategic control of the waters, the poisoning of their arrows so that none survived, and the deaths of tens of thousands.
It goes on to establish a rigid caste system that has survived to this very day. Starting with the Brahmans, the Priests and Teachers form the highest level. Then follow kings, as the leaders of the warriors. Then the merchants, craftsmen and farmers, while the despised Dasas are the lowest caste, they are the workers, the inhuman, the godless and the senseless.
A great many of the verses are devoted to the care and handling of Soma, a psychedelic juice with many uses, and there is also discussion of the 33 early Aryan gods and their part in the victories and the wealth of the Aryans.
Among the rest of the Vedas, the verses include ritualistic music, the rules setting up a rigidly patriarchal society, the establishment of Priests as the interpreters for the gods, magical spells and incantations, a textbook of Medicine and Health, and a tax system.
The later verses discuss ethical doctrines, instructions for meditating to reach a higher level of consciousness, and also develop the concept of Kharma, the consequences of action or inaction.
The very latest explications show a trend towards monotheism, and begin to discuss human psychology.
The Vedas were actually written down many years after the events, but the same situation when applied to the Hebrew, or even the Christian Bible doesn’t seem to have impeded belief in their historicity, or in the continual search for archeology to prove the written word. The same validity is not accorded to the Vedas because of simple prejudice in favor of the traditional Western historical model, and the plain truth that everyone else’s religion seems ridiculous when examined objectively without the necessary faith.
While its antecedents may still be obscure, there is little question that the Harappan culture was well-established by at least 2500 BCE and flourished until approximately 1750 BCE when it is speculated that the Mahabharata wars took place with the Aryans. Although the jury is still out, the legend of the wars is borne out by the fact that groups of strangely radioactive sprawling hand-holding pairs of skeletons, from the approximate period, were found at Mojenjo-daro, suggesting massacre or invasion.
Vitrification of the brickwork, as well as the pottery in the street being reduced to lumps of black slag, are eerily reminiscent of the atomic warfare apparently described in the Mahabharata.
The fall of the Harappan Empire has been attributed to the invasion of the Aryans, a warlike people coming out of the steppes of what is now Russia and Lithuania, and then through Iran to attack and conquer the Harappans, those they called the Dasas or Dasyus. The wandering refugees from that slaughter became known as Gypsies. The Northern Europeans called them 'Gypsies', because they were thought to come from Egypt. Such was not the case, because they were fleeing from the Aryans that had come into the India/Pakistan region.
The Dravidians enjoyed a widespread trading network involving tons of copper, cotton textiles, and ivory, in exchange for silver and other commodities. Their trade area encompassed Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, and possibly China and Burma as well as the surrounding countries.
While we are unable to decipher the Harappan writings, Mesopotamian texts speak of trade with at least two seafaring nations, Makkan and Meluha. Because of certain cultural references, Meluha is likely what we know as Harappa. We do not know what or where Makkan is, but Mesopotamia obviously also traded with the neighboring Empire of Ebla.
The sophisticated civilization of Harappa showed an advanced knowledge of metallurgy, and remnants within furnaces provide evidence of smelting copper, bronze, lead and tin. Using standardized sizes and weights, Dravidian structures made extensive use of burnt brick in both domestic and public buildings, while trade could be trusted throughout the empire.
The city of Mojenjo-daro, as opposed to most cities of the early haphazard city-growth period, was rigidly grid-planned, had a sophisticated water and sewage system, as well as connected indoor toilets and an enormous public ceremonial bath, carefully leakproofed, showing a certain hydraulic knowledge. One building, previously identified as a granary, but now attributable to a religious edifice (as if the archeologists really know), had a complex ventilation system.
All the Harappan cities seem to follow the same excellent plan, and all are built upon a platform of
mud bricks. Such a finding obviously denotes a rigidly controlled society.
Once again, archeologists are amazed at a civilization that sprang full-blown without precursors. So many civilizations developing ‘overnight’ beggar the imagination. Egypt, which seemed to suddenly appear in the full flower of growth, Mohenjo-daro, a triumph of city planning without antecedents? Hardly likely.
Indian scientists are angered at the conclusions drawn by Western archeologists and historians. Understood and orthodox Indian historicity is deeply rooted in India’s British ‘Raj’ past, and is bitterly disputed by the rising young Indian academics.
There are many early cities that vie for the title of the first real city, Uruk, Ur, Ebla, Troy, Susa, Megiddo, Caral, Tiwanaku, Peruvian Highlands, the Olmec, the Mound Builders, maybe even the Anasazi, but the city of Dwarka of the Harappan Empire is certainly among the first rank of the contenders.
Turning to the dating of ruins, archeologists would seem to be ‘winging it’ when it comes to ancient civilizations. The ‘gold standard’ has recently been carbon dating, but it is widely acknowledged that carbon dating can only be extended as far back as 4300 BCE, and even then, the dendrochronological discovery of the rings of the Bristlecone Pine, the oldest living tree, have now allowed a check on carbon dating, and has shown that where carbon shows a date of 2000 BCE, the actual artifact is likely 500 years older, whereas if carbon shows a date of 3,000 BCE, the artifact might well be 700 to 800 years older!
Sir Winston Spencer Churchill said it best, “Not seldom in the annals of the past – and how much more often in tragedies never recorded or long-forgotten – had brave, proud, easy-going states, and even entire races, been wiped out, so that only their name or even no mention of them, remains.”
With anything up to 14 million years of development behind human kind and only a relative handful of skeletons to show for about 90% of that time, there are clearly enormous gaps in the evidence.
What has long been accepted as being the ‘real’ history of India was largely written by the British, and even to the turn of the 21st century, most historians and scientists in the West suffer unknowingly under culturally-ingrained prejudices about Indian culture and religion.
This prejudice was so strong that British orthodox history held that the ‘Red Fort’, clearly of Indian Islamic architecture, had been designed by an Englishman! For a period of time during the ‘Mutiny’, the British actually burned ancient Indian manuscripts to heat the fort!
An even darker (no pun intended) prejudice lies in the apparent fact that the Dravidians may well have been Black! Certainly the surviving artworks, the dancer and the Priest(?) have Negroid features.
The writings of the Harappans are still a mystery, but the 1970's discovery of Ebla and the tens of thousands of cuneiform covered clay tablets that they left, give us a much clearer picture of a nearby contemporary civilization circa the third millenium.
Until then, we had a romantic picture of a desolate desert landscape, sparsely interspersed with small, wandering nomadic bands. Ebla makes it clear that such was not the case. Instead, at least the Middle East area was cheek-by-jowl with inhabited, sophisticated cities and towns with considerable central control and an already entrenched bureaucracy, as well as a far-flung trading network replete with meticulous records.
Rediscovering the lost commercial empire of Ebla has opened our eyes to the existence of a complex, well-ordered society, inter-connected and in solid communication with its neighbors, exchanging ideas as well as goods and services, back there in the 3rd Millenia.
Most amazing is that Ebla contained over 250,000 people and had a bureaucratic cadre in excess of 12,000!
Even more interesting is the obvious implication that Ebla was not one of the 'newcomer' societies, springing up overnight (if there were ever such) antecedents without. Rather, Ebla bespeaks long traditions and the slow growth of a real civilization extending back beyond the limits recognized by orthodox science.
Like all sciences, archeology has recently undergone an explosion, and it is rare that a week goes by without another 'lost' civilization is brought to light and orthodox knowledge pushed back further and further. It is beginning to seem as if anywhere someone digs a hole, another ancient civilization appears, putting the lie to isolated development without communication. It is becoming harder and harder to accept the orthodox picture of cut off, out-of-the-way, isolated developments, and easier to accept the theories of the Diffusionists.
WAS SUMERIA THE FIRST?
It is not a criticism of orthodox science to say that they state as positives, things that should best be stated as speculation.
The varied and faulty methods of dating archeological sites, mostly by derivative means, is discussed in more detail elsewhere, but the results of these disciplines is readily evident in even the most cursory examination of what we know about what is bruited about as the seminal civilization, Sumeria.
Elsewhere has also been discussed the question of the almost universal proximity of major sites of residence to oceans, seas, or other major waterways. We already know that the end of the last Ice Age (likely not the only Ice Age), raised the sea levels by between three and four hundred feet, concomitantly shrinking the land masses around the world, drowning what was likely the most inhabited, most civilized, most organized parts of the world. Inundating deltas, marshes and lowlands along with their settlements.
Any true investigation of the early history of mankind, must include a growing recognition of the very real contribution of underwater archeology. It is there that our past truly lies.
In the middle of the fifth millennium BCE, a number of city-states, or rather city-monarchies arose in the Valley of the Euphrates, in rivalry with one another and in such a condition of culture and progress, that this valley has been called the cradle of civilization, not only of the Semitic world, but most likely also of Egypt.
The original aboriginal inhabitants were likely of Mongolian ancestry, styled Sumerians, who possessed a considerable amount of culture even before we can first see them. Not only did they possessed a considerable level of prosperity, they had already organized cities and sophisticated temples, and possessed the cuneiform script, which can be described as a cursive hand, a full, written language developed out of picture-signs over what could only have been centuries before our science first glimpsed them.
At some early point, they were invaded and overcome by Semitic invaders, who eagerly adopted, improved, and widely spread the civilization of the race they had conquered.
The language the invaders spoke, though clearly and thoroughly Semitic, is so strikingly different from all other Semitic languages that it stands in a category apart, and the time when it formed one speech with the other Semitic tongues lies immeasurably far back beyond our calculations. Again pointing to the developed existence of a civilization long before the Sumerian.
The most ancient ruler in the Sumerian region at present known to us is found on a broken potsherd on which an inscription occurs, and which, we are told, possibly dates soon after 5000 B.C. and on which the ruler claims to have won a great victory over the City of Kish.
Even at this early date, the dynasty of Ur is already in prominence. This city seems at two different periods to have exercised the hegemony over the Euphrates, first about 3400 B.C.
While we have been led to believe that prior to about 4,000 BCE the world was comprised of wandering nomads and a few subsistence farmers, but any examination of the evidence thrusts us into a world that we are all familiar with, one of kings and empires, wars and trade, rich and poor, urban and country people.
A vibrant and exciting world, interconnected and aware, filled with intelligent striving populations of millions who were Akkadians, Sumerians, and Amorites, Elamites, Kassites, Sutites, Qutites, and perhaps Hittites, just in the Babylonian sphere of influence.
Even in our present ignorance, we can see this far back into the shadows of time:
The Ubaids of the Sumerian region are of uncertain origin and were supposedly extant from about 5600 - 3900 BC. They had a distinctive style of pottery that coexisted and was traded with others. Even some of their earliest settlements were built on top of still earlier communities, but much of the previous extent of the land is now under water, awaiting exploration of what are likely the main sites.
They developed distinctive towns with populations of thousands inhabiting densely packed rectangular houses and courtyards separated by alley-like streets, with areas of larger, more elaborate residences with storage features (storerooms, storage pits, etc.) and central mounds with special ceremonial architecture.
The Ubaid period was succeeded by the town of Uruk and the Uruk period, now dated between 3900 BCE and 3100 BCE. Their monumental architecture containing arches and vaults indicates a long architectural history, or a borrowing of the art. But from where?
The sophistication that has already been revealed to us shows that their life was not so different from ours, except for some of the esoteric technology that we are privy to. We forget that these were people just like us, just as intelligent, just as good or evil, just as seductive and manipulative, and just as inventive. Likely also just as interdependent one on the other, community on community, trading empire upon trading empire.
They had Uruk pottery, and while they held sway, the following inventions are attributed to them: the plow, the wheeled cart, the fast potter's wheel that allowed the mass production of (possibly even disposable) ceramics. They made use of sophisticated copper casting (open molds, lost wax), made possible by imported copper. A complex trading network involved transport by ship along the Euphrates river, and also on the network of canals and canalized streams.
A long distance trade existed whereby Uruk pottery was widely exchanged, often by ship with Susa (Elam), "merchant colonies", far east into Zagros mountains of Iran, and in northern Levant. Uruk goods, such as pottery, seals, silver, obsidian, lapis were exported to Egypt
Traders brought, gold, silver, jewelry stones such as: carnelian, turquoise, amethyst, lapis, quartz, many others. Stone for architectural carvings, bowls, sculpture, along with many other perishable goods.
Of course the Sumerians also developed a complex economy and exchange network, together with centralized storage and control of trade goods in each city's temple as well as the idea of city states/monarchies, and the very human evolution (as if conflict had not already evolved) of conflict between these city states as indicated by city walls. They established and maintained trading colonies in foreign territories.
Goods from Anatolia were imported into, along with timber, olive oil, silver, goods from Afghanistan (far east, over the Zagros mountains), were all imported into Sumer.
Here to was found the very earliest writing, and it is speculated that it was originally "pre-cuneiform” and used for accounting, possibly developed from use of clay tokens. Obviously indicative of a managed economy, and an adjunct to a redistributive system of rolling cylinder and stamp seals. The existence of these implements would clearly have enabled commerce and accounting, but may also suggest administered labor such as pay in rations.
Sumeria was found replete with stone sculpture and many other beautiful and well-crafted art objects, but while sometimes shocking, such as the serpo-feline sculpture that we have chosen to use to illustrate what a ‘Watcher’ might look like, the art serves another purpose.
It allows us a glimpse of some features of an extremely complicated and advanced Uruk society. It elaborates on their high-status life, their religious ritual, and the training, specialization, and possibly organized state support of craftspeople that must have been necessary to produce these kinds of objects for the temples.
Uruk appears in Genesis 10:10, as Ereck, a city ruled by Nimrod, a descendant of Noah. Only one of the temples contained within the walled precincts of the city of Uruk was the famed Anu Ziggarut, estimated to have taken 7,500 person-years to build.
The Uruk Population at the end of the Uruk period (about 3100 BC) is estimated to have been at from 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants or more, and it probably grew even larger in the following centuries, because it was occupied for a total of at least 5,000 years.
Repeated rebuildings imply a level of organization and use of resources that was an ongoing feature of society, not an unusual result of some extraordinarily talented leader or unique circumstances. There must have an institutionalized, stable hierarcy, a society organized around powerful institutions (like the temple) with leaders, generation after generation, mobilization of large economic resources, organization of many laborers and craftspeople, legitimation of institutions through association with impressive monuments and ceremonies, the presence of architects, specialized planner-organizers: a "knowledge" class, possibly with formal training or apprenticeship with access to knowledge and skills.
The buildings and the institutions would have lent a permanence and legitimacy to this class and the storage, production, and administrative features suggest a major role of the temple in the flow of agricultural produce, and the direction of at least some of the labor of much of the population.
The level of construction and ceremony would necessitate the training and support of specialized administrators, including eventually scribes and temple accountants.
The Sumerian scribes wrote historical chronicles of their long past. Their lists of their kings and accounts edited into later Babylonian chronicles still survive. These records claim that their kings go back more than 240,000 years before and 30,000 years after the Flood. No one has been able to explain these extensive records.
Given the demonstrated level of sophistication, both technical and societal, is it reasonable that a single civilization arose on its own and separate from other communities? The only word that comes to mind is - impossible.
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ICE AGES AND POLE SHIFTS
Contrary to public opinion, the earth is not round. But then, it isn't flat either!
It is strange how science can be so positive about some things, and yet so vague about others, especially when the vagueness tends to obscure our very origins.
You can search the literature, and even the up-to-date news, and never find a definitive answer as to what really caused the Ice Ages (for they seem to recur on a cyclical basis) and why they retreated.
The news is full of what they call ‘Global Warming’, and how man is responsible for the phenomenon by our exploitation of fossil fuels. This is still mere conjecture, although there are some pretty strong indicators that man at least contributes to the situation.
Of course, ‘cow farts’ are also contributors, even though it can be argued that the number of cattle have expanded in concert with the exponential increase in the human population.
Contrary to what one might think, the present conditions of global warming actually increases the thickness of the ice caps! The warming causes an increase in evaporation of saline seawater, which then results in an increase of freshwater precipitation in the form of rain and snow, and the growth of the freshwater glaciers is the result of that freshwater precipitation, even as large sections of the ice shelf break loose and drift off into the oceans.
Then there is the hole in the Ozone Layer, again attributed to the depredations of man.
There are more esoteric theories involving unknown causes of increasing ‘Greenhouse Gases’, volcanoes, Continental Shift, and myriad others.
The ‘bottom line’ is that there has yet to be a consensus on the subject, although the ‘Kyoto Treaty’ is an attempt to put the brakes on the alarming developments.
It now seems that Ice Ages are more likely the norm, and right now we are in a temperate interval, known as the Holocene, which has allowed us, along with many other species, to multiply and flourish.
This Holocene era, marked by an abrupt change in temperature discovered in Greenland ice cores, began some 11,500 years ago, was marked by a 20 degree Centigrade rise in temperature within a century
Let us say for a moment, because it's logical, although by no means certain, that the Great Biblical Flood was the result of the melting back of the glaciers, the remnants of which are at the North and South Poles.
There is little doubt that there was such a flood that raised sea levels some 400 feet, although there is little reason to imagine that this occurred overnight, and may instead have occurred over centuries of time.
In our own time there has been more than a little ‘the sky is falling’ hysteria over the melting off of glacial ice at the poles. Indeed it may well lead to raising the ocean levels with a concomitant threat to coastal habitations, but this is clearly a long-term phenomenon.
But we are still only guessing.
Among the early guesses was the theory that the gradual increase in ice at the poles eventually led to a ‘top-heavy’ earth which caused the earth to ‘flip’, resulting in an orientation shift exposing different portions of the earth to strong sunlight and a consequential melting and flooding.
Our science has labeled this as impossible (although there are numerous other examples of ‘impossibilities’ that proved embarrassingly true).
Then there was the theory of the partial ‘flip’, but still changing the orientation of the earth and the exposure to strong sunlight, etc., etc.
Again, highly unlikely, but in the examination of these theories it was discovered that the earth does not spin straight on its axis like a ‘top’ at speed. Rather it has a slight and varying ‘wobble’, called a ‘Chandler Wobble.’ Like a top that is slowing down but hasn't fallen over.
Called ‘Precession’, because it over long periods of time it cyclically changes the portions of the sky exposed to view by geographical locations, it also failed to explain Ice Ages and melting.
We now know that the earth is not a true globe, but is flattened at the poles and has a ‘spare tire’ bulge of oceans around its middle. The gyroscopic spin is the genesis of the ‘Coriolis Effect’, the phenomenon that causes water to go down the drain clockwise or counter-clockwise.
It is this oceanic bulge, together with some other minor effects, and possibly some core changes, that allegedly causes the wobble.
But why the Ice Ages, the Pole Shifts, and the temperate periods?
It was Charles Hapgood who first proposed that the North Pole actually shifts, naturally to a loud chorus of ‘boos’ and ‘catcalls’, but his theory is gradually gaining adherents.
He came up with the idea that the earth is like an orange with a loose skin.
It is known that under the continental skin of the earth, there is at least a liquid layer, if not a liquid center. It is recognized that if the earth was a true globe, then any movement upon its surface would cause this skin to move upon the liquid layer. But since the earth is flattened at the poles, it is more difficult for this skin to move, but nevertheless, it can move.
We know that it moves because geographical and magnetic evidence shows us that the poles have been located in at least three
different places, the Canadian Yukon, the Greenland Sea, and Hudson Bay, in different eras.
Hapgood realized that this 'skin' would not 'slip' without some overbalancing force, and so he joined his theory with the possibility of a glacial ice buildup that might be the precipitating force, or the ever-popular asteroid strike.
There is another theory that the continual pull and release of the attraction of the sun, the moon and the planets on the flexible skin of the earth eventually leads to a 'stress failure'. This precipitates the movement of the skin until it again snags and settles into a new position.
Okay, say the skeptics, if we are really in the Aztec Fifth Sun, that there were other civilizations, other worlds before ours, then where are the artifacts, the monuments, the remains of those civilizations?
There is a theory (there are so many theories and not quite enough facts - yet) that every so many years, the poles shift and the earth tumbles. The subsequent effects could well wipe away any most traces of civilization. While this theory is mostly discredited, there are many anomalies that could very well support it.
The foremost proponent of this theory was Hugh Auchincloss Brown. He was an electrical engineer who in 1911 became intrigued by reports that mammoths had been found frozen in the arctic with buttercups still clenched between their teeth and undigested vegetation in their stomachs.
He was trying to understand a mechanism that could have possibly flash-frozen the animals so fast that one minute they would be in the act of eating and the next they would be frozen so solid that the undigested material would have lasted for tens of thousands of years?
This eventually led him to believe that an accumulation of ice at one or both poles periodically upsets earth's equilibrium, causing it to tumble over.
The theory can be found in John White's Pole Shift that documented Hugh Brown's 60-year fight to alert the world of the danger. In 1948, Hugh Brown told a New York Times reporter, that as an engineer, he knew that the bulge of the Earth around the equator stabilizes its spin, but that an abnormal amount of Antarctic ice would be enough to topple it. He noted that tales of sudden floods and the mysterious appearance and disappearance of large land masses were found in the folklore and legends of all races.
The result of such an event would be a tidal shift that caused floods of enormous proportions, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricane winds of unheard of magnitude, all scouring the world of almost all life and remnants of civilization.
Brown's 1967 book, Cataclysms of the Earth cited a still-existing ominous wobble in the planet's spin. He predicted that a forthcoming cataclysm would find New York 13 miles under water, and tidal shifts would flood the planet. He also predicted that Eskimos would be among the few survivors because the present polar areas would be least subject to cataclysmic water action.
Take a moment and imagine a world in which Eskimos were the survivors of our civilization. We can imagine what legends and myths their children’s children would hear.
Brown theorized that an overgrown icecap that toppled the planet might well reposition the tropics at the poles and vice versa, explaining the riddle of the mammoths.
The Mayan Popul Vuh tells a story that might well support the theory. "It was ruin and destruction... a great inundation... people were drowned in a sticky substance raining from the sky."
The much-reviled Emmanuel Velikovsky, author of Worlds in Chaos, Worlds in Collision and Earth in Upheaval, a Medical Doctor who was a follower of Sigmund Freud, espoused a theory was that about the 15th century B.C.E., the Earth entered the fiery cometary tail of the forming planet Venus. He theorized that this planetary side-swipe had caused the Earth to turn part-way over. The erratic behavior of Venus is recorded in the cuneiform tablets of Nineveh. Mexican records speak of a lengthened night, while Maya sources said that it lasted for 25 years, and the Bible talks about the 'sun standing still.'
Returning now to the frozen mammoths, in 1940, thousands of the remains and bones of mammoths, mastodons, horses and bison were found in a riverbed site on the Tanana River that flows through the Yukon. These were not whole bodies, but rather are bits and pieces that are evidence that the material had piled up under catastrophic conditions.
The mammalian remains are for the most part dismembered and disarticulated, though some fragments yet remained in their frozen state, with portions of ligaments, skin, hair and flesh. Twisted and torn trees and body parts were piled into splintered masses... and at least four layers of volcanic ash may be traced in these deposits, although the layers are extremely warped and distorted.
But if all this happened, why don't we remember it?
Velikovsky called the mysterious loss of historical accounts by whole races throughout the ages 'collective amnesia'.
Of course, an argument could be made that we really do remember. That's what the worldwide myths and legends are.
Velikovsky was passionate about his theories, and asked, "Could it be that a volcanic eruption killed the animal population of Alaska, the streams carrying down into the valleys the slaughtered animals?” But he then dismissed this with, " a volcanic eruption would have charred the trees - but would not have splintered or uprooted them. If it had killed the animals it would not have dismembered them. It becomes obvious that the trees could only have been uprooted, and then splintered by a hurricane, a flood, or both.'
'The animals could only have been killed by a stupendous wave that lifted, carried, smashed and tore, and then buried millions of bodies and trees. This is confirmed by the fact that the area affected is much greater than might be the case had a volcanic eruption caused the catastrophe and because such deposits are known to exist throughout the Arctic peninsula.'
'In Siberia, numerous mammoths have been found buried deep in the permafrost, buttercups clenched in their teeth, undigested food in their stomachs. Some of the mammoth meat was still fresh enough to be eaten by the sled dogs, and even sent to European capitals for celebratory meals."
Velikovsky has pointed out that some of the vegetation found in the stomachs of the mammoths had originated far from the area where the remains were found en masse.
Microscopic examination of the mammoth skin showed red corpuscles, proof not only of sudden death, but that the death resulted from suffocation due either to gasses or drowning. This suggested that the beasts had been carried a great distance by a tidal wave.
Velikovsky puzzled over what would have caused a tidal wave and an instant freezing. He thought that in the distant past, some external force toppled the Earth on its axis and the accompanying earthquakes and volcanic eruptions triggered tidal waves.
Areas in the warmer climates may have shifted to Polar regions, accounting for the instant freezing which had been observed in the case of the mammoths.
However, at the same time, Velikovsky tried to match up his treasured Venus sideswipe theory as the cause of the Earth toppling. An addition to the theory was that it was the 'wobble' had caused a sympathetic 'wobble' in the planet Mercury. That the gravitic attraction of the two of them together caused a chunk of Venus to break loose and crash into the earth, resulting in the Chixculub Crater causing the death of the dinosaurs.
His critics attacked him for this last desperate stretch, and it is only recently that he has been to some degree vindicated.
The doctrinaire attitude toward Velikovsky is revealing. Because his theories flew in the face of Newtonian mechanics, the scientific establishment entered into a vicious conspiracy to destroy Dr. Velikovsky and all his works. It is now admitted that some of his theories were correct and have contributed much to the understanding of celestial mechanics. Yet, in the minds of lay people, the odium lives, and the imaginative Dr. Velikovsky is little more than a joke.
God alone knows how this will shake out in the end, but there is little question that there is evidence of a worldwide flood. That there is a Chixculub Crater (and several other major craters as well), that the Poles do wander and cities are drowned and buried while the frozen mammoths exist and megalithic structures dot the face of the earth. All these are demonstrable facts, and all are evidence of a prior civilization.
2341 WORDS
INDIGENOUS INVENTIONISTS vs.DIFFUSIONISTS
Mexico and Atlantis? What does Mexico have to do with Atlantis? Well, for one thing, the quests for the origins of civilization in Mexico have always echoed in Atlantis.
The legend of Atlantis comes to us from Plato, repeating Egyptian history of a fabled land of higher civilization called Atlantis that had existed and then died 'Beyond the Pillars of Hercules,' which seems to mean somewhere in the Atlantic Ocean.
Where did the indigenous inhabitants of Mexico come from? The accepted theory is that the original primitive settlers came over the Bering Straits and then filtered down all along the North and South American continents. Leaving aside for a moment the conflicting theories regarding immigration, it seems clear that there were inhabitants before civilization arose.
So much for populating the region, but for whatever disputed reason, the protean civilizing force is generally agreed to have been what we have come to call The Olmecs, the 'Rubber People', although that was certainly not what they called themselves. Originating in the area of present-day Villahermosa about 800 B.C.E., they spread their influence over Central America in a very short time. But where did the Olmecs come from?
The theories are legion and wildly disputed, and while many of the Mexican archeologists fiercely resist any idea that civilization there originated anywhere but on their home ground, that seems unlikely.
They are supported by the early archaeologist Sylvanus Morley who in 1925 advocated that the Maya civilization had sprung full-blown during the first or second century C.E.
The diffusionists roughly divide into those who see the originators coming from:
1. The lost continent of Atlantis, the West Indian remnants of which were called the 'Islands of the Scorpion' by the Maya, and are known to us as the Antilles.
2. China and the Orient
3. Carthaginians from the coast of Africa
4. Phoenician seafarers from the Middle East
If we are to suppose that the progenitors of the people of Mexico originated in Atlantis, we also have to consider what happened to the fabled continent.
The first Latin writer of Aztec history was Ixitilxochitl, of Aztec lineage, who maintained that the Olmecs had come to Eastern Mexico from the Antilles via Florida.
Robert B. Stacy-Judd wrote that the Mayan civilization had arrived in Central America as the last large surviving segment of the already fully developed Atlantean Empire from the Antilles.
The Mayan books of Chilam Balam and the Popul Vuh say that the first inhabitants of the Yucatan were the Chanes coming from the East in C.E. 219 and landing first on Cozumel.
The Spanish Bishop Diego de Landa arrived in the Yucatan soon after Cortes, and he said that the Maya told him that their ancestors had come from the East.
In the early 1700's, Don Carlos de Siguenza y Gongorra, an ex-Jesuit, concluded that the Olmecs had preceded the Toltecs, and that they had come from the East, maybe from Atlantis, as earlier suggested by Gonzalo Fernandez de Olviedo y Valdes. Siguenza felt that Atlantis was a group of islands that served as stepping-stones to the West. He was one of the first to recognize the similarity of Mexican and Egyptian pyramids.
The Abbe de Brasbourg arrived in Mexico in 1845. Ordained to the priesthood, he was also a journalist and had an appointment as a Chaplain in the French Navy that gave him access to official records in Mexico City.
He learned Nahuatl to aid in his quest for Atlantis, and he claimed that Atlantis was the true cradle of civilization, disappearing in a cataclysm in 9937 B.C.E., and he even claimed that Latin languages were derivative of Quiche Maya.
The Abbe theorized that the Atlantean continent had originally occupied the Gulf of Mexico and extending into the Caribbean Sea as far as the Canaries, but had been destroyed in several disastrous upheavals occurring between 9937 and 10,500 B.C.E. Subsequent then upheavals restored parts of the Yucatan, Honduras and Guatemala. The Abbe even traced the myth of Quetzalcoatl to Plato's Atlantis.
We are all familiar with the hypothesis that a giant asteroid crashed into the coast of Yucatan, starting a chain reaction that supposedly led to the destruction of the dinosaurs. Well, maybe so, because there seems little doubt that there was such a strike, and the imprint can still be seen in the semi-circular outline of the Gulf of Mexico.
The interesting thing is that the possible collision date coincides matches both the Abbe's dates and the inception of the Mayan calendar. According to legend, 10 countries were submerged, and the Maya Codex Tro-Cortesianus describes the remains of the cataclysm as being the West Indies.
Augustus LePlongeon was one of the seminal Central American explorers. In the 1870's he mastered the Maya language and claimed to have found an inscription at Uxmal that commemorated the destruction of a great island empire that was the origin of civilization.
Contrary to the prevailing wisdom of the time, LePlongeon passionately argued regular communication among the Americas, Asia, Europe and Africa.
He posited that once established in the Yucatan, the Maya had then sailed westward to plant civilizing colonies in Polynesia, Indochina, Burma, the Persian Gulf, Babylonia, and even Egypt, and all these centuries before the time of Christ.
In support of his position, LePlongeon quoted the 3rd century B.C.E. Hindu epic of Ramayana, telling of a conquest of the southern parts of Indochina in remote antiquity. He traced Maya routes to India and the Middle East.
This may not be as far-fetched as it seems. While we may not think of the Maya as a sea-faring people, Cortes saw Maya cayucoas that were as large as his own ships!
Certainly there was Maya commercial coastline traffic that extended down into South America, and the Maya were no strangers to raids from the ocean-going Caribs of Hispaniola. The trans-oceanic voyages of Thor Heyerdahl's Kon-Tiki and Aku-Aku have proven the feasibility of such journeys.
The Chaldean historian Besorus wrote that civilization was brought to Mesopotamia by Oannes, coming from the Persian Gulf. Le Plongeon points out that Oaansa in Maya translates as 'he who has his residence in water.'
The Egyptians claimed that their ancestors were strangers in Egypt, and that they had come across the Isthmus of Suez to settle on the banks of the Nile, bringing the worship of the sun and writing, all several thousand years before what we consider the beginnings of Egyptian history.
During the early 1880's, U.S. Senator Ignatius Donnelly popularized Atlantis as an ancient sunken culture.
In 1885, Edward H. Thompson suggested that the Maya were an offshoot of the Atlantean civilization. As proof he cited the legendary existence of the Ulmecas, a light-skinned, tall, blue-eyed race that had landed near Tampico. They were wearing strange garments and emblems like entwined serpents on their foreheads. The sides of their vessels shone like the scales of a serpent.
The Ulmeca leaders were known as Chanes, or among the Maya as Canob, 'Serpent Wise Men,' and the Maya called them Ah Tza, the 'People of the Rattlesnake.' It is said that they founded 150 cities, including Chichen Itza, which translates as 'The Mouth of the Well of the Serpent (Rattlesnake) People.' The primary Maya icon is the god Kulkulkan, 'feathered rattlesnake.'
Around 1900, Edgar Cayce, citing readings of past memories claimed that there were actually two sunken continents, Lemuria in the Pacific and Atlantis in the Atlantic. His assertion was that the Mayan civilization began with refugees from the sinking of Atlantis, but was later enhanced by those fleeing the sinking of Lemuria. His predictions gained new life when colossal constructions came to light off Bimini, smack in the middle of the Antilles.
James Churchward, an early 20th century author also popularized sunken continents. citing information he said he obtained from ancient sun-baked tablets provided by a Maya Naacal priest. Churchward claimed to have compared the tablets to tablets in Tibet, and he concluded that the Egyptian god Osiris was actually an Atlantean adept living some 20,000 years before Christ.
Soviet geologists, long interested in both the Maya and Atlantis, now support the thesis that a large continental body sank into the Atlantic in comparatively recent times.
A professor at the University of Miami theorizes that 12,000 years ago, at the end of the ice age, a flood of icy water poured down the Valley of the Mississippi to raise the waters of the Gulf 130 feet. Could such a flood have possibly drowned the Antilles, where Plato's Atlantis could be submerged?
The sculpture of the Olmecs leads to endless speculation. It shows what are obviously Caucasian men with flowing beards and dressed in what appear to be Phoenician clothes. Then there are the Negroid-featured giant stone heads. Are these stone heads representative of Carthaginians? Could Phoenician traders have picked up Negroes in Africa and sailed with them across the Atlantic to Mexico?
In Oaxaca there are further representations of Negroid-featured men accompanying what appear to be bearded Semites. Monte Alban has statuary dated to 500 B.C.E., attributed to the Olmecs and exhibiting Negroid and Semitic features. A Caucasian-featured, bearded, robed, mustachioed Tlaloc is at Tula. There is evidence of Phoenician voyages in the Azores and near Cape Cod. Evidence of Carthaginians in South America.
There is a historical record of at least two Chinese expeditions to America, which they apparently called Fu-sang, one in the 23rd century B.C.E., and one in the 5th century B.C.E.
A promising line of inquiry is proposed by suggesting that the Chinese first came as traders to the primitive peoples of the Veracruz coastline, and then later melded with them to form the Olmecs, bringing the wisdom of the Far East to Central America and jump-starting the March to Civilization.
Maybe all of these are true, maybe none. Further investigations will reveal more roads to the truth, but meanwhile, there is no lack of speculation.
BLOOD WILL TELL
(Chronological datings subject to change without notice, and often without reasons)
DNA will change our world in ways we cannot yet foresee, but some changes are clearly coming.
More than ever, our time has been witness to the continuing balkanization of the world. Not only nation against nation, but also tribe against tribe, ethnicity against ethnicity, religion against religion, even within putative religions, concept against concept, Black against White against Brown against Yellow, and all the colors in between against all the other colors.
What before was only a loose concept will now be formalized by the DNA discoveries, and there will be new agendas to contend with.
Genetics have always been controversial as a tool in service to racism, and recently genetics (at least insofar as race is concerned) seem to have gone out of scientific fashion as politically incorrect. Nevertheless it has had momentous political repercussions.
As in the case of Kennewick Man. At least as theorized, this fossilized skeleton may be evidence of Caucasians inhabiting the Northwest United States before Native Americans, but the Native Americans claimed the skeleton as an ancestor and forbade further examination. Angry anthropologists took to the courts and the Native Americans have fought them every step of the way. It is too early to tell the eventual outcome.
Similarly, the discovery of Caucasian skeletons in China in the Taklamakan Desert has raised extremely thorny questions about prior occupancy, leading to bluster and bombast in place of scholarship.
Originally, genetic suppositions were based on blood types, leading to hotly contested claims. Native Americans became the battleground, and at question was the hoary truism that Native Americans all originated in Mongoloids that came over the ice-bridge across the Bering Straits.
It was early established that Mongoloids have a high frequency (11-25%) of Type B blood, while North, Central and South American natives are almost exclusively type O with a complete absence of A and B blood types. This was the first crack in the ice-bridge.
The only true Mongolians showing Type B blood in the Americas are the Eskimos. Even then it is argued that they replaced an earlier Caucasoid culture still seen today in the Ainu of Japan, Australian Aborigines and some American Indians. This raised serious questions about the alleged Mongoloid invasions over the land bridge, with little forthcoming in the way of answers.
Until the advent of DNA, and now Mitochondrial DNA indicates that most Native Americans descended from Mongolians migrating only some 20,000 to 40,000 years ago, after the ice bridge was gone. So, contrary to popular acceptance, they could not have come from Siberia over the Bering Strait land bridge.
Some Native American DNA indicates that their ancestors came out of China into Malaysia and then across the Pacific into the islands of Polynesia and Melanesia and then into the Americas some 6,000 to 12,000 years ago. So, some American Indians are distant cousins to the Polynesians.
Ancestors of the Navajo, Apache and other members of a Native American group known as the Na-Dene, clearly entered the continent in another, separate wave.
Africans generally show a high frequency of B and a low frequency A, but North Africans show higher levels of A due to intermarriage with Europeans and others in the north. Given the dichotomy, how could the genetic inheritance of Blacks in America be determined?
It seems anomalous that people of Australia and Peru generally lack type B blood, because they would be expected to come from Mongoloid stock, but Genetics now establishes that distribution patterns of human blood groups tell us nothing about the alleged races of mankind.
For instance, the A blood of a Norwegian can be successfully transfused into a Zimbabwean, just as the O blood of a Vietnamese can be donated to a Peruvian. Not to say there are not anomalies. Many Germans show the same blood type distribution as New Guineans, and a large percentage of Estonians have nearly the same distribution as a high percentage of Japanese.
But as scientists have shied away, the world seems to have taken up a popular cudgel, one which may be used to beat ‘the others’ over the head. Religion can proudly claim more bodies than anything else, but then there are also Serbs and Croats, Arabs and Jews, Arabs and Christians, Tutsis and Hutus, Christians and Jews, Muslims and Jews, Muslims and Christians, Indigenous and usurpers, Black and White… The list seems endless, and it almost is. Taken to its logical conclusion, it becomes me against you, or more probably, us against them.
The problem has always been who is us, and who is them? DNA is about to give us the answer as to who we are and where we came from, maybe including even how far back we came from, and where.
Maybe it will even give us an answer as to antediluvian civilizations, because there is no doubt that there were many.
While the past is still murky, it now seems that modern man (incorporating the Neanderthals) originated about 200,000 BCE in several independent sites, notably Africa, China and Indonesia.
Sumerian tradition dates kingships from before 181,200 BCE all the way down to 23,000 BCE.
There appears to have been a seafaring tradition in Australia dating to 176,000 BCE.
By about 100,000 BCE, Neanderthals have a brain size of 1560 cubic centimeters as opposed to modern man’s brain size of 1350 cubic centimeters, evidence of Neanderthals as a separate culture are found from 250,000 BCE to 36,000 BCE. Neanderthals seem to have been fully assimilated by about 25,000 BCE.
An ice age struck about 83,000 BCE.
The great African migrations appear to have begun around 59,000 BCE, and DNA analysis suggests that all Europeans are descendants of not more than 10-50 people between 50,000 and 30,000 BCE.
We know that people arrived by sea in Australia and America about 50,000 BCE. Somewhere there must have been a seminal culture that practiced circumcision because Australian Aborigines practiced it, as did the early Egyptians, later the Jews and Muslims, and still later some Christians. But migration must have come from more than one place, because some migrants to Australia were thin-boned of light build, while others were sturdy and robust, suggesting different points of origin.
Some believe that the Mongoloids were the root of Asians and the American Indians, but we now know that at least the Australian peoples include the Ainus of Japan and the Veddoids of southern India.
The Egyptian kingship lists go all the way back to 18,500 BCE and in spite of all the hoopla about the great age of the Biblical patriarchs, an examination of Genesis reveals that it was only 1650 years from Adam to the flood, then another 292 years to Father Abraham (1948 in the Jewish calendar), then another 160 years to Jacob, who was renamed Israel. The Jewish Calendar says it is now 5761, so, using Old Testament dating, the world began 7863 years ago, or about 3760 BCE.
By 40,000 BCE, modern man, who had existed from about 100,000 BCE, was pretty well established in Europe, Africa, Asia, America and Australia. Widely disputed Y chromosome studies suggest that modern Europeans migrated to Europe from Asia and the Middle East in two waves of migration.
At this time, the earth was 1/3 covered with glaciers, as opposed to 1/10 today.
Probably based upon the old shibboleth that "it is a wise child that knows his father", genetic tracing through DNA originally started by using the mitochondrial DNA, not present in sperm cells. Lineage was traced strictly through the mother, probably a good idea in that it is estimated that about a third of children are born outside of the marital bond, in other words with someone not the husband being the actual father.
Patrilineal heritage can be traced through the Y chromosome, lacking in the mother.
To put it bluntly, a tracing of the mitochondrial DNA together with the Y chromosome, clearly shows that men of the conqueror or dominant culture slept with women of the conquered or inferior culture, but not the other way around.
So, throughout history, White men were sleeping with Black, Yellow or Brown women, but only rarely did the reverse occur.
Most Europeans descend from farmers who moved slowly northeast from what is now Turkey, but isolated groups, such as the Saami, formerly known as the Lapps, still retain genetic links to the older hunter-gatherer peoples.
The Finns speak a language that has no connection to the Indo-European tongues spoken by their neighbors, relating more to the Magyars of Hungary.
Finland was conquered centuries ago by invaders from the steppes of Central Asia, and it was assumed that the invaders wiped out the local population. However, the retention of the invader's language indicates that after the invaders killed off the men who opposed them, they stayed and mated with the local women. Those women still retain the DNA from the aboriginal population, but who have also transmitted the invader's genes as well as their language down to the present day.
Basques are also linked to earlier hunter-gatherers and are different from the Europeans that surround them.
And while they may not look it, the Irish from the western province of Connaught are genetic cousins to the Spanish/French Basques, even though they don't look alike.
Throughout the world there are pockets of insular, isolationist peoples with relatively pristine genetics. This means that they rarely mated outside their grouping. Germans are one example.
It was early established that Mongoloids have a high frequency (11-25%) of Type B blood, while North, Central and South American people are exclusively type O with a complete absence of A and B blood types. The only true Mongolians showing Type B blood in the Americas are the Eskimos. This raised serious questions with little forthcoming in the way of answers.
Japan was originally populated by a mysterious people called the Jomon, possibly crossing over an ice bridge from Asia some 20,000 years ago. The Jomon are linked only to the present-day people of Tibet, but both may date back to a much earlier central Asian tribe. Later, ancient Koreans populated Japan.
So, by now, most of us are a curious melange of ancestors having no relation to skin color, eye color or even physical characteristics.
An interesting example is the Lemba people, living in the northeast corner of South Africa. The tribal members are Black, but as opposed to the surrounding tribes, they believe that they are Jews by descent. They practice circumcision, avoid eating pork, and believe that their ancestors came from the land of Israel, probably passing through southern Arabia, crossing into Africa centuries ago.
Jews had never taken their claim seriously.
Until DNA.
As recently as 1962, physical anthropologists grouped races according to observable characteristics such as skin and eye color, facial features and body shape. All that has gone in favor of the genotype.
In the case of the Lemba, it had been discovered that in a random sampling of Israeli men, there was a particular set of genetic markers suggestive of Jewish ancestry, found in roughly 10% of the average Jewish population, and almost never found in non-Jewish populations.
In this random sampling, among those Jews claiming membership in the priestly tribe of Levi, called cohanim, an astonishing 50% contained the Y chromosonal Cohen Modal Haplotype inherited father to son.
The geneticists then collected samples from the Lemba as well as from a group of male Yemenite Jews living in the region of southern Arabia, from where Lemba tradition says they originated.
Sufficient genetic similarities were found to suggest that the Yemeni and the Lemba were kinsmen.
Some 10% of the Lemba carried the Cohanim gene, about average for Jewish men around the world, but among the Buba, most prestigious of the Lemba clans, the Cohen Modal Haplotype appeared in half of the population.
Not only is this strong evidence that the Lemba are genetically connected to worldwide Jewry, but that the Buba clan is not only Jewish, but that they also belong to the hereditary priestly class.
So the Lemba are Jewish, all right, but it may not help them much. It’s time to look at the lessons of the Falasha.
The Falasha, an ancient tribe, kept their Jewish faith over the millennia in isolation in Ethiopia and the Sudan. They believe that they originally came from Israel, accompanying Prince Menelik and the Ark of the Covenant.
It is said that God Himself inscribed the ten commandments of the law upon two tablets of stone. Moses then placed these tablets inside the Ark of the Covenant, and later, King Solomon placed it in the Holy of Holies of the Temple that he had built in Jerusalem.
Menelik, a son of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, was conceived in Jerusalem and born in Ethiopia where the Queen of Sheba returned after discovering that she was carrying Solomon's child.
Once he reached the age of twenty, Menelik traveled from Ethiopia to Israel and arrived at his father's court where he was instantly recognized and accorded great honor. After a year had passed, the elders became jealous and complained that Solomon showed Menelik too much favor. They insisted that he must go back to Ethiopia.
Solomon accepted on condition that the first-born sons of all the elders accompany Menelik. Amongst these was Azarius, the son of Zadok the High Priest of Israel, and it was Azarius who stole the Ark of the Covenant.
The theft was hidden from Menelik until they were far away from Jerusalem. When he learned what they had done he knew it had to be the will of God. It was only then that he agreed that the Ark should go to Ethiopia, to the sacred city of Akksum... There the Ark now resides in the care of a Coptic Christian Monk who will allow no one to see it!
How the Holy Ark of the Covenant, most sacred to the Jews, came to be in the custody of a Coptic Christian monk, we do not know.
Nevertheless, the undying faith of this Black remnant of the Jewish people seized the imagination of Israelis and Jews all over the world, inspiring the daring 1985 Israeli 'Operation Moses' to secretly rescue the Falasha by air.
Unfortunately, after some 10,000 had already been transported to Israel, word of the proposed rescue was leaked and the governments of Ethiopia and Sudan halted the flights immediately.
Intervention by the United States allowed only another 1,000 to escape, ending the operation, but leaving some 20,000 Falasha behind, trapped by the Ethiopian and Sudanese governments.
Some five years later, Israel agreed to exchange 500 Falashas a month for arms, including cluster bombs, to help Ethiopia fight its rebels.
A terrible carnage against the rebels followed, and an international uproar ensued, once again halting the repatriation.
Once again the U.S. intervened, and after a thirty-five million dollar payment by Israel, and God only knows what U.S. promises, the airlift was completed by 1991.
This triumph for Jewish humanity ended once the entire Falasha community had been transferred to Israel.
You would think that after centuries of persecution and the horrors of the Inquisition and the Holocaust, Jews would be the last people on earth who would entertain prejudice, but you would be underestimating how shallow the human mind can be.
Individual and governmental discrimination and even persecution followed. The Falasha religious leaders were not recognized by the government-sponsored rabbinate, and in 1996, Falasha donations to the national blood bank were routinely thrown away.
50,000 Falashas were horrified and angered. They were deemed good enough to serve in the army, but their blood donations were thrown away, with the lame excuse that the Falashas had a much higher incidence of Aids and that the public welfare justified the measure!
Over 10,000 Falashas marched on the Prime Minister’s office in Jerusalem and were brutally repelled by riot police using batons, water cannon and tear gas.
Falasha complaints were investigated, but it seems that the Falasha were being as isolated in Israel as they had been in Ethiopia!
The 'old wive's tale' is right, beauty is only skin deep. But ugly and prejudice go clear to the bone.
Noses and skin color don't mark the race, except to the ignorant.
Skin color has always been thought to be the most obvious racial marker. The actuality is somewhat different. It is now clear that skin color is solely based on the amount of melanin in the skin. Melanin is a chemical that protects the skin from damage due to ultraviolet, and natural selection (possibly and/or sexual selection) has darkened the skin of people living in brightly sunlit areas such as open deserts and near the equator.
Skin color, body shape and facial features are superficial characteristics arising from local environmental conditions and have nothing to do with race.
In fact, the very word 'race' now has no scientific meaning, and is only used as a kind of shorthand to indicate a somatype.
Some say that this is the end of racism, because we are all so mixed, but so long as people are people, racism, elitism, skin-colorism, and all the other 'ism's' will continue to flourish.
Black people may no longer be able to rant about 'blue-eyed' devils, and Hillbillies about 'mud-people', but you may now need a blood test in order to get into the Ku Klux Klan.
BUTTON, BUTTON... Science likes to paint itself as immutable when, in reality it should be better seen as an imperfect process. The examples are endless. Remember the scientist who proved that the bumblebee could not fly? That a human could not travel faster than 60 miles per hour and live? More recently there has been an ongoing controversy over whether there is water on mars. They still have not resolved the effect of what kind of cholesterol on your health. Whether aspirin stops heart attacks. Are dinosaurs birds, reptiles or mammals? What about the ridiculed Maya translations of Knosorov, which later turned out to be correct? The conflicts are endless, and all of them prove that science is a process, even if the scientists expect their pronouncements to be treated as absolutes. The battle has been between the Independent Inventionists, those who are of the opinion that the original settlers came over the Bering Straits and filtered south and then sparked civilization, and the Diffusionists, those who feel that Civilization did not originate in the Americas, but instead was brought over the waters. For the moment the Independent Inventionists have it. To talk about it intelligently, we must first remember that the U.S. - Mexico border is an artificial line, and had no effect on the comings and goings of the people. For purposes of this discussion, we might well conclude that North, South and Central America were all one, without any artificial divisions. There seems little conflict that the Olmecs were the original civilizers of the Mexico area, but the question was, where did the Olmecs originate. In other words, did they have visitors? That's been the question, but it seems that Science has come up with the beginnings of the answer. C. Loring Bruce, an anthropologist at University of Michigan, has discovered that the indigenous peoples of Mexico, Peru and the southern United States have NO obvious ties to ANY Asian groups, and that the indigenes of the Western Hemisphere are NOT all minor variants of the same people. He discovered that the Indian tribes of Minnesota, Massachussets, Ontario and Michigan, the far north and also the entire eastern seaboard were descended from the Jomon, the prehistoric people of Japan. The Athabaskan-speaking people of the Yukon, Northwestern Canada, even extending as far as Arizona and Northern Mexico, were descended from the Chinese. At the same time, Johanna Nichols, a professor of Slavic languages and literature at the University of California at Berkeley, has provided support for Professor Bruce's work, but has come up with even more startling propositions. She has conducted a philological study suggesting that humans have been in the Americas since 40,000 B.C.E., with languages coming from immigrants who arrived after the ice age, some 14,000 years ago. It is her opinion that North America was NOT colonized from Siberia, but almost entirely from the south. Even the Athabaskan language family is more likely to have moved up from the south. She says that findings in southern Chile have been dated at 12,500 years old, and thus occupied at the time of the last ice age, at the same time that conventional science says that the first humans were travelling over the Bering Strait. Conventional wisdom says that there were no humans in the Americas before end of the Ice Age. Even at that time they had a high degree of language diversity which happens only with time. She maintains that the 150 Native American language families must have required at least 35,000 years to develop. BUT, all these languages have deep linguistic similarities which link the American languages to the south Asian coast. She also states that these language similarities indicate a COMMON HISTORY of a people so ancient that we cannot hope to trace their linguistic descent. Not only are the diffusionists alive and well, they have even founded the Institute for the Study of American Cultures, for the purpose of inquiries into pre-Columbian international contact. We have gone beyond the point of Columbus discovering America, dragging the Columbians kicking and screaming into admitting the possibility of pre-Columbian Viking landings, but their heels are dug in and it's going to be tough to drag them into consideration of other findings. Like the Phoenician-era stone script at Cave Creek, West Virginia. Incised medieval Norse runes in Minnesota, the Ten Commandments in old Hebrew script in New Mexico. How did the sweet potato, indigenous to the Americas, have become a food staple throughout Polynesia and the Pacific Basin by 400 A.C.E.? And how do eleventh century Indian temples depict American maize? Chinese patterned carved stone blades from 1100 B.C.E. Guatemala with Shang Dynasty ideographs? A second century Semitic inscription in East Tennessee? Pre-Christian Phoenician-like rock carvings in an Oklahoma cave. Why is there a campsite in Chile that may be 30,000 years old? A 11,500 year old Negroid skull in Brazil? Considering the 20,000 year-old Japanese skin-covered boats, some authorities propose visits to North America some 25,000 years ago. Widely disputed translations of various inscriptions by Professor Barry Fell reveal that Asians, Europeans and Africans had visited the Americas over 3,000 years prior to Columbus. David Kelley, of the University of Calgary, following Professor Fell's findings, suggests that there was a single trade route uniting a site on the Niger River with Scandinavia and Ontario. Then there is the Bat Creek, Tennessee Stone bearing paleo-Hebrew script dated to the first or second century. A violent controversy surrounds the Washington state discovery of an ancient 9,300 year-old skeleton called Kennewick Man, which does not appear to be of Native American origin, but rather Ainu. This discovery may thus establish the early Japanese connection.
IT´S ABOUT (MEXICAN) TIME!
Ó 02/20/2001 Lawrence H. Freeman
Mexican time is not American time. Mexican time is usually thought of as tomorrow, but mañana doesn´t mean tomorrow, as everyone seems to think, no, it just means not right now. Mañana is not a promise, not a date, not a commitment, it´s just … not right now.
And then there are the subtleties that you have to be aware of. BEWARE OF THE CONDITIONAL PROMISE, the one that says, “I would gladly do this little thing for you, you who deserve it done so much, and it would be my honor to do it, were it not for (fill in anything here), ah, but mañana, mañana will be a much better day, and what is more, I will be a much better man, one who is worthy to do this thing for you, and I will be proud to do it then.” All this only means “NO.” Then of course there is the phrase that goes, “Yes, my friend, that is a very interesting idea that you have, and I will give it a serious thinking over.” This also means “NO,” but a little more strongly, something like saying, “What? Are you crazy or something?” Then there is “I will have to get back to you on that, after I confer with those in authority.” This means, “Get out of my face or I will have to hurt you badly.”
And there are more subtleties regarding Manana. THERE IS THE EXPERIENCE OF TRYING TO BUY TICKETS FOR THE BULLFIGHTS in San Cristobal de las Casas, part of the grand and glorious fiesta which immediately follows Semana Santa. Clearly written on the posters all over town, it tells you that tickets are available at the following places:
1. The Santa Clara Hotel
2. The Ciudad Real Hotel
3. The Municipal Tourist Office
4. The Regina Pharmacy
Starting on the Saturday a week before the proposed bullfight, I first went to the branch of the Regina Pharmacy by the market, but they didn’t have tickets, so then I went to the Santa Clara Hotel where I was told that they had no tickets, but that if I went to the Municipal Tourist office, they would surely have tickets there. So I trudged across the Zocalo to the Municipal Tourist office, a place plastered with bullfight posters, and a place where I was treated like the town cretin and told that, of course no tickets for a bullfight the next week could be sold until that week, but that if I returned on Monday, they would surely have the tickets.
It was not until Tuesday of the next week that I returned to the Tourist Office, where I was politely told that they didn’t have the tickets, but that the Santa Clara Hotel would have them. I carefully explained that, no, the Santa Clara Hotel did not have them, and I was then politely referred to the Ciudad Real Hotel, where they would surely have the tickets. I’m sure that by now it isn’t really necessary to say that the Ciudad Real Hotel did not have tickets, but I was in luck, because just down the street at the State Tourist Office, THEY would surely have the tickets.
No, they didn’t have them either, but the very pleasant lady there pulled out a map and began telling me all the very many places in town where they definitely had tickets. Once again I informed her that I had been to all of those places and that NONE of them had tickets. Her face suddenly lit up like one of the clear bulbs they seem to use exclusively in this country, as she exclaimed that the Regina Pharmacy had the tickets. I told her that I had been there, but she exclaimed triumphantly that she was sure that I had not been to the Regina Pharmacy on Calle Diego de Mazariegos. I reluctantly admitted that I had not, but because Regina Pharmacy was a chain operation, what difference did it make. The posters had not said anything about a particular Regina Pharmacy. Nevertheless, she made me promise to go there, and true to my word, I went.
The cashier at the Pharmacy referred me to the Pharmacist at the rear, and when I asked him about the tickets, I was amazed when I was told that they had the tickets, but that of course they could not be sold until later. When later? "Later, later!” he exclaimed exasperatedly, as if to say that even a stupid gringo should know what later meant. But I didn’t, and so when I persisted, eventually he shrugged that maybe it would be by 7 or 8 o’clock..
Continuing in my quest for the Holy tickets, I, of course foolishly returned to the Regina Pharmacy at the appointed time and again asked the Pharmacist and the clerk for tickets. They exchanged those knowing glances that I have come to know so well, those glances that proclaimed some secret Mexican knowledge that would be forever hidden from the gringos. I was then told that naturally they did not have the tickets at that moment, but if I could come back, and here they used that dreaded word, “MAÑANA,” they would surely have the tickets then. When I said I had been told to come back at night and pick up the tickets that day, they responded by the patented Mexican shrug that means “no se,” which can be translated loosely as, “you stupid Norteamericano, how am I responsible for what someone else told you, and even if it was me, I am still not responsible.” Ah, Mexico, where yesterday is yesterday and forgotten, where tomorrow is a million light years away and anything may happen before then, and all that counts is this minute right now.
When I petulantly and impolitely asked just when Mañana, I might be able to pick up the tickets, I was told impatiently, Mañana! Mañana! As if I was somehow supposed to divine what time that was. Now I could have understood if they had said Mañana en Mañana, meaning in the morning, and then we could have proceeded in an orderly fashion to determine what time in the morning, but no, that is not the way things are done here. When I again persisted in asking just what hour I might expect the tickets, I was sneeringly told, a Media dia. By this time, my Northamerican temper was getting the better of me and I impolitely asked if there was anywhere in town that I could get the tickets RIGHT NOW! They were taken aback by my effrontery, but then brightened up considerably and responded that they thought that the Ahorra Pharmacy on the Zocalo definitely had the tickets. I continued on my trek, I crossed the Zocalo and asked at the Ahorra about tickets, where I was told that while they did not have the tickets right at the moment, they would surely have them Mañana . Swallowing my wounded Norteamericano ideas of efficiency, I left with my tail between my legs, fated to return the next day.
Wednesday at noon I appeared at the Ahorra to get my tickets. I was greeted by a proud and confident clerk who told me that they actually had the tickets, and that if I would wait for just a moment she would get them for me. She then proceeded upstairs to the loft-like offices of the store where she remained for the next twenty minutes, while I stood downstairs, shifting from one foot to the other, waiting somewhat impatiently, but not saying anything, because after all, this was Mexico.
Then she appeared before me like a vision, beaming and clutching whole books of tickets! Hesitantly I asked if these were for Sunday, and darkness fell across the beaming face of the clerk, a pall descended upon the whole store, and the sun was extinguished over all of Chiapas, at least that’s how it appeared to me. “Domingo, Senor?” she said in exquisite if disheartened Spanish, “These are not for Sunday, these are the tickets for tomorrow’s fight, for Thursday.” Oh Lord, what had I ever done to deserve this pain and suffering? The situation was worthy of Job himself, but I did not deserve it. Come to think of it, neither did Job. Now, understand, under ordinary circumstances I would have just accepted the Thursday tickets and chalked it up to a ‘bad Mexico day’, but I wanted to see a real bullfight, where the matador has a real chance, not a fight with Novilleros, which is who were fighting on Thursday. I had seen Novilleros before, usually they were terrified of the bull and spent their time at the Corrida being chased around the ring by a frustrated bull.
Anyway, once again I left the store. Okay, I said to my stupid, trusting self. I have finally got this figured out. It is foolish for me to come back again on Thursday for the Sunday tickets, because obviously they only have the tickets for sale the day before. So there is no need for me to go there until Saturday. Thursday morning my friend picked up the tickets for the Sunday fight.
Once again I had tilted at the Mexican Windmill and been ignominiously defeated. Maybe they dodn’t want to sell the tickets. Maybe there aren’t any tickets. Maybe there never were any tickets. No tickets, no bullfight, no bullfighter, but lots of bull!
Americans are obsessed by time and measurements; ruled by it, even enslaved by it. Clocks, calendars, inches, feet, yards and miles. Millennia, years, light years, latitude, longitude. Diameter, circumference, algebra, geometry, pounds, tons, our very lives are circumscribed by numbers, but our concept of time and space is only that, a concept.
A culture´s perception of time reflects and influences its cosmology, how it thinks about the origin and structure of the universe. How a culture thinks about the nature of time describes it. Western thinking has decoupled our standard of time from astronomical observation, religious and political thought, and from the rest of our culture. Time reflects our cosmology, and we have abstracted time.
The Western world is in a minority. Most of the Eastern and Mesoamerican world, as well as the Northamerican Indians, have their roots firmly planted in cyclical time, and this affects their concept of time to this very day.
The Olmecs, the Maya, the Aztecs, and the other Mexican tribes all subscribed to the cyclical model. It teaches that time is repetitive, and what has happened before, maybe millions of years in the past, is happening and will happen again, and again, and again… And this is true daily, seasonally, yearly, and for longer and longer periods, all cyclical and eternal.
Because of this there are no concepts of past or future, because in cyclical cosmology, past, present and future all blend into the now, and time can move forward or backward because forward becomes backward, and vice versa.
So the Norteamericano perception of Mexican time is correct. They move to a different drummer. Time means different things in El Norte and below the border and is measured in different ways.
HOW DID TIME START?
The formality of time began with the understanding that their very lives depended on the necessity of recognizing planting and harvesting times. This requirement of predictability brought a wish or belief in the existence of supernatural aid in the very real struggle for life. This gave rise to religion, and with it the beginnings of intercessors, people who were holy enough for the gods to listen to. When you´re hanging on by your fingernails, any helping hand is heaven-sent.
So cosmology became inextricably intertwined with cyclical events. Seasons, phases of the moon, sprouting of corn, things that repeated themselves and could be relied on to do so.
Instruments to tell time were initially simple and primitive. Sundials, water clocks, measured candles and hourglasses came first and gave rise to the belief that time ´flowed´, and had a continuous, fluid property. Because it was based on cycles in nature, it became known as:
ORGANIC/CYCLICAL/CIRCULAR or QUALITATIVE TIME.
As such, it was unique, individual, and flexible in nature, and the evidence for it was mainly anecdotal in nature. As cyclical, it was seen as constantly recurring and therefore the time of an event was not crucial because it would happen again and again. It mattered little whether an event happened on time, or even if it happened, because it would happen again.
This still exists today as the so-called Eastern approach, but it also continues as the cosmology of the North and South American Indigenous peoples. It echoes from Alaska to Tierra de Fuego, and can be explained as; `Time has engendered everything that has or will be.´ Then again, since it was based on observed phenomena, if the event did not happen here, then it did not happen. ‘Out of sight, out of mind.’
This laissez-faire attitude toward time and events was soon doomed as more precise measuring systems were required.
It arose because the churches needed to regularize ceremonial observances, requiring a method of telling time that was divorced from the cyclical vicissitudes of nature. This became:
LINEAR/PROGRESSIVE/ANALYTIC or QUANTITATIVE TIME
Mechanical clocks measured time by a succession of short intervals, and they continue to do so whether mechanically or by the vibrations of quartz crystals or by the radioactive decay of cesium. Time, and then measurements became rigorous and clearly reproducible. Rather than time flowing, it now advanced by a series of jerks, ticks, or blinks. This created a new reality. One disassociated from human events. Time became quantified, unchangeable, and removed from nature. It was the beginning of science.
Linear time had a beginning and an end. It was finite in that, if a thing didn´t happen now, it would never happen again, the moment was lost forever. It gave time a sense of urgency that was lacking in cyclical time. Now time had a beginning (Genesis), and progressed by specific and unique events.
What was begun by the church had destroyed the spiritual. Time became progressively more mechanized and quantified, and the temporal experience became impoverished. Time as space is de-temporalized in a way analogous to the de-humanization that occurs when human qualities are denied in the quantification of personality, such as in I.Q. tests.
But while Quantitative time has slowly usurped primacy from Qualitative time, remnants of the earlier, cyclical, people-oriented time remains as what can best be described as a ‘gut feeling.’
Time is different for each individual. Studies have shown that time perception differs with age. Investigators basically divided the human lifespan into 3 sections: Gestation, which ends at birth; Childhood, extending to age 7, and Maturity, which continues until age 77.
Anecdotal evidence (see if it matches with your own experience), says that time passes ten times faster for a 60-year-old as it does for a six-year-old. To a one-year-old, a year is a lifetime, but to a fifty-year-old, a year is but 2% of his/her life, and then if you live to a 100, then a year is only 1% of your life, and consumes less conscious time than did 4 days for the one-year-old. This is cyclical cosmology based on anecdotal evidence. But cyclical time is evident in other ways, and now we can look at it from a historical perspective. We know intuitively that each part of each day has a different ‘feel’ (you know, that TGIF feel), and, by the same token, different ages have their own zeitgeist, their own feeling.
Our impressions of time and space go hand-in-hand with our culture.
During the 19th Century, there was a serious scientific examination of the phenomenon of light, its colors and interactions, matched by a cultural explosion in art with Impressionism and Cubism, while music saw the shocking advent of Stravinsky. This general examination of fundamental, underlying structure was reflected in the scientific exploration of the atom.
In our own age, the 1960’s brought the ‘Big Bang’ theory of the universe, and out culture gave rise to ‘Pop’ art.
The 1970’s saw physicists conceptualizing virtual particles as ephemeral, and the ‘new’ Quantum mechanics, stood the scientific world on its ear, and was in turn mirrored by a new interest in Conceptual and Minimalist art.
Even places have a quality that contributes to our perceived observation of time. Look at old photographs. Their totality is qualitative and they would never be mistaken for a modern photograph because there are certain indicia that indelibly mark the time and the age. A good example is ‘40’s film noir, movies that have an unmistakable look and feel that cannot be reproduced, even though it has been tried many times.
Ecclesiastes had it right. “To everything there is a season and a time to every purpose under heaven.”
And to each and every one of us, our personal perception of time is shaped by our own background, intellect and experiences, and is different for each.
While the infusion of Western scientific thought and culture has transformed Mexico largely into the Western model, their cultural heritage still has a profound effect on their perception of time, and it is very different from the strict Analytical heritage of the average Norteamericano.
So the next time you are faced with a ‘Mañana Moment’, take a deep breath, swallow your outrage, and smile with the realization that you have just experienced a cultural difference that is several thousand years old, and remember, their view has as much validity as yours.
Certainly no malice is intended, and the Mexican attitude probably promotes a healthier heart. 2951 words.
BEACON IN THE DESERT
On the plateau of Giza, in the Egyptian desert, stands the “Mother of All Mysteries.” The Great Pyramid.
The Giza Plateau on which the famous pyramids rest was cleared and flattened to an unprecedented level. It clearly demonstrates sufficient engineering knowledge to find a location of a density to support these massive granite piles.
This most megalithic of all megalithic structures is a world of mystery all on its own.
The most intriguing mystery is that it could not be duplicated, even with modern technology, so how could our ‘primitive forbearers’ have built it? And why?
If a civilization seeks to communicate with another civilization, the natural tendency is to: (1) let them know you are here, (2) tell them something about you, and (3) tell them how they can communicate with you.
The public at large has little idea of how much information we have sent out into space with our Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft, and how much they might tell a discoverer about our scientific progress and in what areas.
Pioneers 10 and 11, which preceded Voyager in outstripping the gravitational attraction of the Sun, both carried small metal plaques identifying their time and location of origin, who the builders are, some mathematical information, and some technological information. This was done for the benefit of any other spacefarers that might find them in the distant future.
With this example before them, NASA placed a more ambitious message aboard Voyagers 1 and 2, a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate a story of our world to extraterrestrials.
The Voyager message is carried by a phonograph record, a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk, containing extensive sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth. The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.
Sagan and his associates assembled 115 images of the earth and its flora and fauna together with a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind and thunder, birds, whales, and other animals. Intensive human anatomical and even reproductive data. To this was added musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings from Earth-people in fifty-five languages, and printed messages. Also sent was DNA information, some detailed geographical and mathematical formulae. and pictures of artwork as well as our view of the universe.
The gold records are encased in a protective aluminum jacket, together with a cartridge and a needle. Instructions, in symbolic language, explaining the origin of the spacecraft and indicating how the record is to be played. The 115 images are encoded in analog form. The remainder of the record is in audio, designed to be played at 16-2/3 revolutions per second.
It contains the spoken greetings, beginning with Akkadian, which was spoken in Sumer about six thousand years ago, and ending with Wu, a modern Chinese dialect. Following the section on the sounds of Earth, there is an eclectic 90-minute selection of music, including both Eastern and Western classics and a variety of ethnic music.
The sun is located with respect to 14 pulsars. The precise periods of the pulsars are specified in binary code to allow them to be identified. Since pulsars are cosmic clocks that are running down at a largely constant rate, the difference in the pulsar periods at the time one of the spacecraft is recovered and the periods indicated on the plaque will enable any technically sophisticated civilization to deduce the year the vehicle was sent on its epic journey.
Units of time and distance are specified in terms of the frequency of the hydrogen spin-flip at 1,420 megahertz. In order to identify the exact location of the spacecraft's launch a diagram of the solar system is given.
So an encyclopedic view of earth and its place in the universe has been conveyed to any discoverer that might come across them.
Seen from the lofty perspective of today’s science, these fine expressions of our progress to 1977, the last date of launch, seem almost painfully primitive. 12 inch phonograph records with needles and cartridges to be played at 16 2/3 revolutions per minute? Analog pictures? It is questionable whether a reasonably intelligent teenager in today’s world would even understand what these things were.
Nevertheless, it is an attempt to convey information, an experiment in communication.
It is suggested that the Great Pyramid is the same. An attempt by an Antediluvian civilization to communicate with its ancestors, meaning us. An attempt by a doomed civilization, knowing it was doomed, to try to preserve as much as possible of its knowledge.
We know the Great Pyramid as the Pyramid of Cheops, or Khufu. Pyramid being a Greek word compilation meaning ‘Place of Measurements and of Enlightenment.’
The first mention of Cheops as the builder was by the Greek historian Herotodus, and he was writing at a time when the reign of Cheops was as far back in his history as the Coliseum is in ours. Additionally, his story seems more popularized than historical, including the fable that Pharoah sent his own daughter to a brothel to earn the money to build her small pyramid.
Then again, the brutal Cheops was supposedly so hated by the people that he oppressed into building his pyramid, that he stipulated that he had to be buried in an unknown location because the people had threatened to tear his body to pieces in revenge for their hardships! Good story-telling, but suspect history.
The only way we supposedly know that it was built by Cheops, is a highly suspect red cartouche of his name, upside down, misspelled and filled with errors duplicated in the only cartouches of Khufu which would have been available to the finder, and found deep within the structure by an amateur English archeologist who was desperate to provide the provenance.
Of course, the Great Pyramid has always been tied to the Sphinx, originally attributed to Cheops as the builder, but he is now known to be only the renovator. The much-disputed dating of the Sphinx goes all the way back to 17,000 BCE, and some even say 35,000 BCE!
It’s interesting to note that while the Great Pyramid was originally thought to be built by Cheops, and dated that way, carbon-dating of the mortar between the blocks supposedly reveals a date 500 years earlier, so even the supposedly agreed-upon date is wrong! Attempts to better date the Pyramid await future and better methods, because carbon-dating doesn’t work well without organic materials to date.
The pyramids are called ‘tombs’, and the popular imagination fills them with ‘Mummies’ (from Mumiya, the Coptic word for asphalt, the pitch that was used to seal the wrappings).
No ‘Mummy’ has ever been found in a pyramid! Certainly none was ever found in the Great Pyramid!
Now, the argument is made that the ‘grave-robbers’ stole the ‘mummies’, and certainly ‘polite’ society between the 14th and 18th Centuries popularized Mummy powder as a cure-all, and Mummy wrappings were used to make paper.
In spite of the fact that no Mummy has ever been found in a pyramid, other pyramids may well have been used as tombs, but not the Great Pyramid!
The Great Pyramid is not actually a 4-sided structure, it has 8-sides, because each of the 4 sides is actually built in 2 parts, making the 4 sides slightly concave, but giving the illusion of being straight, much as the Greeks curved the Parthenon so that it appeared straight.
And while willing to concede that some other pyramids may have been used as tombs, the Great Pyramid is the only supposed ‘tomb’ which is completely barren of artistic or sculptural embellishment so necessary as a ‘road map’ to the ka of the Pharoah to find its way through all the perils of the afterlife.
Having reached the interior passages of the Great Pyramid and finding only a large, empty, bare stone coffer, doesn't it seem logical that the discoverer would be prompted to look around to find the meaning of the prodigious labor that would have brought such an enormous edifice into being?
Maybe, just maybe, part of the meaning might lie in the structure itself, and in the coffer found within.
Supposedly a product of the Old Kingdom, the Great Pyramid is unmistakably a representation of the very finest engineering and craftsmanship that Egypt, and maybe the rest of the world, has ever known. Its magnificent vision and superb execution belie the possibility that it was the result of a primitive people. And it was built at the very beginnings of the Egyptian civilization, which thereafter declined for centuries. How is it that the finest expressions of Egyptian science, art, religion and engineering occurred at the beginning of their history?
There is a clear implication of a sophisticated precursor civilization that is lost to our knowledge, a civilization that originated and developed over eons, and then transferred this accumulated wisdom to a new place.
We think of Egypt as a vast desert, but we are also aware that it has not always been a desert, and that in the dim past it was a much more temperate and hospitable place.
The Egyptian kingship lists go back some 18,500 years to the time of their gods, and we have no way to dispute or to verify them.
The Great Pyramid is also the only pyramid (found so far) ever discovered that has chambers built into it that are above ground. Other pyramids provide only subterranean chambers.
It is argued that since it is surrounded by a mortuary temple and other pyramids, that it must be a tomb, but since the Sphinx is a cenotaph, a memorial for someone or something, the Great Pyramid could well be the same. As for the surrounding construction, if the Great Pyramid were a repository of knowledge and a beacon throughout the known world, doesn't it make sense that others would want to bask in its reflected glory. Even today, professional, commercial and governmental entities want to be in or near famous buildings. Just as offices in the Empire State Building are still at a premium.
There is a supposedly occult science called ‘Pyramidology’ which attributes all knowledge and prophecy to the Great Pyramid. In particular, there is the questionable practice of multiplying numbers in order to reach a desired result. Some call those who are true believers ‘Pyram-idiots’, and some of the more arcane number acrobatics seem more worthy of a Numerologist or a Cabalist, but there do seem to be a greater number of ‘coincidences’ than would be dictated by the laws of chance.
Many of the ‘coincidences’ are repeated over and over again, as if the builders were attempting to make sure that they would not be missed.
Since the 'coincidences' go beyond the laws of chance, maybe they are not coincidences. Maybe they are messages sent to us, communications from one time to another. Maybe they are sent from the time before the Flood to keep knowledge intact, but in order to access the ancient knowledge, they expect civilization to have reached a certain level of technological achievement, the keys to unlock the secrets.
Just as in the Pioneer and Voyager messages.
Because the Great Pyramid is likely the most studied structure on the face of the earth, it might almost be said that it is 'over-studied', studied to the point that the scholars have begun to imagine things that may or may not be there.
If scholars were to 'over-study' the World Trade Center, what 'coincidences could they come up with?
Certain things are indisputable. Enough of them to verify that the Great Pyramid is in fact a repository of knowledge, such as:
THE COFFER (Roughly 8 ft X 3 ft X 3.5 ft)
Mistakenly called a sarcophagus, with absolutely no foundation, the granite coffer found in the ‘King's Chamber’ is too big to fit through the passages and so must have been put in place during construction. Microscopic analysis of the coffer reveals that it was made with a fixed point drill that used hard jewel bits and a drilling force of 2 tons. The coffer was sawed out of an iron-hard block of solid granite which would have required bronze saws 8 to 9 feet long and set with teeth of sapphires.
Hollowing out of the interior would require tubular drills of the same material applied with a tremendous vertical force.
PYRAMID MEASUREMENT Use of the pyramid inch (PI), slightly larger than our present inch, is attributed to Sir Isaac Newton, who in a quest to determine the distance from the Earth to the Sun, discovered that the pyramid measurements would be in whole numbers if this unit were used.
The coffer in the ‘King's Chamber’ has a volume equal to 1 Pyramid Ton.
In an absolutely astounding break with the funerary customs of Egypt, there are no hieroglyphics, statues or writings in the Great Pyramid. The only symbols are some workmen’s graphics on the wall of the Room of Chaos.
According to burial custom, the use of the stone coffer for burial would have required the engraving of the deceased’s name, titles, deeds, and history, both inside and out.
The coffer's mean length is the same as the width of the ‘King's Chamber’ minus the length of the antechamber. The external height of the coffer is 1/10th the length of the ‘King's Chamber’. The coffer's interior volume is exactly ½ of its exterior volume.
Since the coffer was not made as a sarcophagus for the Pharoah, and had to be placed inside as the Pyramid was being built, if the Pyramid were to be used as an astronomical (or astrological) observatory, the coffer could have been filled with water to reflect the transit of planetary bodies or stars.
The empty coffer in the ‘King's Chamber’ is made of red granite, but a large part of the composition is crystal.
We are aware of the ‘ventilation’ passages that exist in the Great Pyramid, some lined with the fine limestone that was only used for celebratory structures. Could these strange ‘pipes’ have been observatory tubes or telescopes? Certainly the Egyptians had the demonstrated ability to produce lenses of exceptional quality, and ground glass artifacts of great antiquity have been found throughout the world. But no lenses have yet been found on any of the Egyptian sites.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PYRAMID The pyramid is estimated to have 2,300,000 stone blocks weighing from 2 to 30 tons each with some weighing as much as 70 tons Two types of limestone were used for construction. A soft limestone was used for the bulk of the core blocks and a hard white limestone for the mantle. Hard limestone becomes more polished with age. The base of the pyramid covers 13.6 acres with each side greater than 5 acres in area.
The cornerstone foundations of the pyramid have ball and socket construction capable of dealing with heat expansion and earthquakes.
The ball-and-socket corner construction, together with the expansion joints provided in the casing stones would have constituted a living, breathing pyramid, expanding in the heat of the blazing Egyptian day, and contracting in the cool of the desert night.
The missing capstone is thought to have been an exact replica of the large pyramid, as in other pyramids.
The passages are straight to within 0.013 inches per 100 feet.
It is reported that when the pyramid was first broken into that the swivel door, weighing some 20 tons, was so well balanced that it could be opened by pushing out from the inside with only minimal force, but when closed, was so perfect a fit that it could scarcely be detected and there was not enough crack or crevice around the edges to gain a grasp from the outside. (See also the Coral Castle)
There is no decoration on the inside or the outside of the Great Pyramid. That would be an astonishing omission in the ‘launching pad’ of a pharaoh to his place among the gods in the afterlife.
The anomalous Iron Plate: In 1813, at the exit point for the southern airshaft, an iron plate 12” X 4” X 1/8”, now in the British Museum, was found. This plate could well prove the actual date of the Iron Age in Egypt. Now placed no earlier than 650 BCE, and clearly shown not to be of meteoric iron, this anomalous plate could well predate our dating of the Egyptian Iron Age by thousands of years.
In 1989 tests were finally performed on the plate which revealed that the artifact, for manufactured artifact it was, had been formed by smelting at between 1000 and 1100 degrees Centigrade. Traces of gold on one face suggest that the rectangle had at one time been gold-plated. The report stated that the evidence suggested that the item had been in place since the date of the building of the pyramid.
THE CASING STONES OF THE GREAT PYRAMID The outer mantle was composed of 144,000 casing stones, all highly polished and flat to an accuracy of 1/100th of an inch, about 100 inches thick and weighing about 15 tons each with nearly perfect right angles for all six sides The average casing stone on the lowest level was 5 ft. long by 5 ft. high by 6 ft. deep.
The casing stones were placed with an accuracy of 5/1000ths of an inch with an intentional gap of about 2/100ths of an inch for mortar. The mortar used is of an unknown origin. It has been analyzed and its chemical composition is known but it can't be reproduced. It is stronger than the stone and still holds up today where the casing has not been removed by the builders of nearby Cairo.
The casing stones created a 5 ¼ acre mirrored surface visible from Israel, hundreds of miles away.
The polished surfaces of the original mantle reflected heat, sunlight, and moonlight and were probably used as a landmark, and also to aid Nile river navigation at night.
Because the concave mirroring surfaces would have reflected the sun, they would also have reflected two mirroring images of the sun at the same time, a blindingly bright moving picture of the sky. It would have been a dazzling sight, with more impact than the moving artificial lighting of neon-ed over downtown Las Vegas.THE YEAR LENGTH MEASUREMENTS
At numerous places within the pyramid, the use of Newton’s pyramid measurements reveal the length of the year as having the same 365.24 days as we now use.
THE SIZE OF THE GREAT PYRAMID
The height of the pyramid to the missing apex formed by extending the sides is 5813 Pyramid Inches, the height of a 45-story building.. The perfect formula height of the pyramid including the missing apex is 5813PI, and the height to the missing apex is in fact 5812.3PI. THE PYRAMID’S FUNCTION AS AN OBSERVATORY Each of the ceiling stones in the Grand Gallery is individually removable. The Great Pyramid could have functioned as a stellar observatory during its construction.
North Star Pointer: The Descending Passage pointed to the pole star Alpha Draconis, circa 2170-2144 BCE (Time of Khufu) This was the North Star at that point in time. No other star has aligned with the passage since then. Of course, it would have also pointed to the same star some 25,000+ years earlier according to the laws of Precession. The southern shaft in the ‘King's Chamber’ pointed to the star Al Nitak (Zeta Orionis) in the constellation Orion, circa 2450 BCE The Orion constellation was associated with the Egyptian god Osiris. No other star aligned with this shaft during that Epoch. The northern shaft in the ‘King's Chamber’ pointed to the star Alpha Draconis, circa 2450 BCE The southern shaft in the ‘Queen's Chamber’ pointed to the star Sirius, circa 2450 BCE Sirius was associated with the Egyptian goddess Isis and is also part of a unique ceremony practiced by the African Dogon tribe. The northern shaft in the ‘Queen's Chamber’ pointed to the star Ursa Minor, circa 2450 BCE Pyramids mirror Orion Constellation: The pyramid positions on the ground are a reflection of the positions of the stars in the constellation Orion circa 10,400 BCE
ASTROPHYSICAL FINDINGS FROM THE GREAT PYRAMID
Portions of the Pyramid repeatedly show: The Velocity of Light 186,169.5 miles per second.
The Sun's Parallax.
Mean Distance to the Sun:. 91,848,500 miles
Mean Distance to Moon: 238,865 miles
Sun's Radius: 427,316 miles
Speed of the earth around the sun, circa 2600
BCE
MEASURING THE PRECESSION OF THE EQUINOXES
The spin of the earth has a wobble, which means that every ~25827 years the center of the earth points to a different part of the sky, affecting the portion of the earth most exposed to the sun. This Precession, as it is called, can be found repeatedly in the dimensions of the Pyramid.
THE HIDDEN PYRAMID
For many Centuries there have been legends of secret rooms and tunnels under the pyramids and the Sphinx, and recent 'remote viewing' advances seem to have born that out,
Sixty-five meters up the southern shaft off the ‘Queen's Chamber’ is a miniature portcullis slab discovered by a robotic camera in 1993. Attached are two copper fittings, one broken. This area of the shaft is lined with Tura limestone, which is typically used in pyramids only for lining chambers. In the ‘King's Chamber’ all of the stone joints are very tight except in the lower left-hand corner of the west wall. Here the joints are larger than normal and covered by mortar. This is a strong indication of an opening to another chamber or passage. The Egyptian government has refused requests for further exploration. In 1986 a French team using microgravimeter equipment detected small hidden cavities behind the west wall of the horizontal passage to the ‘Queen's Chamber’. They were permitted to bore a 1" diameter hole and found a cavity filled with sand. They were not permitted to dig or tunnel for further investigation. The cavities in the horizontal passage to the ‘Queen's Chamber’ correspond to two floor stones in this passageway with joints perpendicular to the rest of the joints in the floor stones. This type of indicator can also be found at the junction of the descending and ascending passageways. It has long been believed that the Sphinx had subterranean tunnels leading to each of the three major pyramids. Further investigation is expected in February of 1995. In 1987 a Japanese team used an electromagnetic wave method to search for cavities in the Great Pyramid. They identified a cavity under the horizontal passage to the ‘Queen's Chamber’ about 1.5 meters beneath and extending for 2.5-3.0 meters in depth. They also identified a cavity behind the western part of the northern wall of the ‘Queen's Chamber’. They
Identified no cavities beneath the ‘King’s Chamber’,
possibly due to the denser granite walls. Three potential cavities were identified in the area of the Sphinx.
MATHEMATICAL & GEOMETRICAL INFORMATION Among the mathematical and geometrical relationships revealed by the pyramid is Pi, the relationship between the circumference and diameter of a circle (thought to have been first reported in 300 BCE by the Greek mathematician Archimedes), Phi, the ratio of the apothem (face slant height) to half a base side.
The Phi ratio is the basis for the Fibonacci sequence 1,1,2,3,5,8,13.,21,34... which was not generally publicized until 1200 A.D. The Pythagorean relationship represented by a 3-4-5 right triangle, which was not identified until 497 BCE
GEOLOGIC AND METEOROLOGICAL
Further examination of the Pyramid establishes knowledge of the mean average earth temperature (68 degrees Fahrenheit). They knew the value of the Pyramid as a sundial, as well as the fact it was used to indicate solstices and equinoxes, and it is also the most accurately aligned structure in existence, facing True North with only 3/60th of a degree of error. The position of the North Pole moves over time and the pyramid was probably exactly aligned at one time.
The Pyramid is placed at the center of the land mass of earth.
The Pyramid evidences the Earth’s Polar Radius, the radius of the Earth and even the mass and volume.
The squared dimensions of the ‘King’s Chamber’, match the dimensions of the coffer, and the squared dimensions of the ‘Queen’s Chamber’ show interesting relationships as well.
There are just too many coincidences to be truly coincidental. Maybe we should be looking at this a little more closely
4088 words
MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE
Communication between species or over great gaps, be they distances or cultural, presents many barriers, and manners and methods may differ widely.
The widely disparaged phenomenon of ‘crop circles’, presents a unique opportunity to examine what might well be an attempt to communicate over:
Time? Space? Dimension?
Between Quantum Universes?
They are popularized as ‘Crop Circles’, but are more correctly known as ‘Agriglyphs’. Beginning in the later 1970s (although there were allegedly earlier sightings) these agriglyphs were first simple circles, and then over the decades grew in size, scope and complexity, until they became a bewildering array of art, geometry and even portraiture.
While appearing primarily in Great Britain, there is no question that they have also appeared all over the world.
In 1992, two elderly pensioners claimed they had perpetrated an enormous hoax, carving out their circles in crop fields, using boards and string. A neat answer, but hardly illuminating, because their hoax was rapidly shown to be a hoax in itself, and their attempts to reproduce their supposed work a ludicrous failure in spite of what seems like an inordinate expenditure of money and energy, seemingly aimed toward labeling the ‘crop circles’
as belonging to the ‘lunatic fringe’. Nevertheless, the general public and much of the media accepted the explanation, and interest subsided.
Now, if it is possible for you to suspend disbelief for a few moments so that you can keep an open mind…
Even after the initial hoax, the man-made hoaxes did not stop, almost as if it were necessary to have a way to continually ‘de-bunk’ the growing phenomenon.
Where would you find the person with the sophisticated knowledge to produce these things, and the time, because the thought that these agriglyphs could have been produced in a two-hour span, is ridiculous. And they have all been produced overnight.
The actual agriglyphs have also been produced without any trace of surrounding footprints or tire tracks, an impossibility in the soft, wet English soil.
Naturally, our ever-proliferating ‘experts’ showed their immediate skepticism, and we are all aware that these experts are always correct and that the little ‘misconceptions’ such as Thalidomide, or the teaching of ‘New Math’, ‘Ebonics’, and the abolishment of Phonics, were merely misunderstood by the public-at-large.
Very quickly, techniques were developed to defeat the ‘hoaxers’ who continued to produce false crop circles. It became necessary to authenticate the true agriglyphs from the false crop circles.
The false circles require that force and a physical object are necessary to flatten down the crop, and that breaks the plant stems, killing the plants.
Agriglyphs have plant stems that are not broken, but only bent about an inch above the ground. They have been subject to a short, intense burst of heat, suggestive of microwaves or ultrasound, that only softens, and then re-hardens the stems into the bent position so that they can continue to grow. No one is able to explain this phenomenon.
The agriglyphs, in opposition to the broken-stemmed fakes, exhibit a gently-swirled floor in mathematical proportions that can have up to five layers of interweaving, and sometimes the center will be a simple standing plant.
Where apparently circular, the agriglyphs are in fact slightly elliptical, and the edges crisply defined from the flattened crop. The hoaxes have a markedly ragged appearance.
Yet the making of the glyphs continued, becoming ever more complicated and beautiful, and, as if to refute the role of the ‘Doug and Dave’ hoaxsters, appearing in places of such extreme security as to defy possibility. Secret Defense installations and the country residence of the Prime Minister. Nowhere seemed immune, and the surveillance escalated until one field was rigged with perimeter laser alarms, sensitive microphones and overhear cameras.
Between 2 and 4 AM, a light mist descended, and in the morning, there lay a perfect agriglyph, and none of the alarms had been sprung.
Often appearing before multiple witnesses, the glyphs are often accompanied by brilliantly-colored balls of light or mysterious fogs.
The making of the agriglyphs has been shown to be accompanied by an electro-magnetic pulse that disables electrical equipment, and that includes automobiles, radios and cameras.
Starting very simply with the first publicly recognized 30 foot crop circles in Southern England in 1972, the agriglyphs, seemed to pass through series, almost like a learning, or maybe a teaching process.
After the circles came the connected circles, the dumbbells, three-fold dumbbells, six-pointed stars, some of them like circular-saw blades, then the insectograms, the keys, one of which was 360 feet long, and then dolphinograms. Soon, various religious symbols appeared, and some of the circles encode obscure theorems based on Euclidian geometry
Increasingly, the agriglyphs began appearing next to ancient monuments such as Silbury Hill, where almost 40 glyphs emerged, Barbury Castle, and Stonehenge.
The glyphs became increasingly complicated and sophisticated. The Barbury Hill design. almost 12,000 square yards in area, is an ancient religious symbol, a cosmic law, a collection of numeric, musical and geometrical harmonies which founded the prevailing order in every ancient civilization.
A so-called ‘Swastika’ design (actually a circle containing arms), seemed to separate the real from the fake. The crop was divided into four quadrants, exactly aligned to the magnetic compass points. At the center, the crop was rotated and counter-rotated in three movements. A thin band at the boundary edge rotated clockwise, with the crop weaving over and under the central combed quadrants.
More than10,000 of the agriglyphs have now been seen, and they have grown in size until they can now exceed ¾ of a mile in length, extending over some 200,000 square feet in area. They are now of a fantastic complexity but they first appeared primarily as simple circles, rapidly becoming circles with rings, then variations on the Celtic cross up into the mid-1980s, when they developed straight lines and created pictograms, not unlike petroglyphs that now encompass advanced computer fractals such as Mandelbrot sets and Julia sets, as well as elements that relate to fourth dimensional quantum physics.
Now when circles are produced, there have been as many as in excess of 400 circles arranged in intricate patterns! All done in one night?
Now, in 2001, we seem to have graduated into the upper division, for the nature of the agriglyphs has clearly changed.
Now that the messenger has got our attention …
In 1974 we transmitted a signal into deep space via the Arecibo radio telescope, now, an ‘answer’ seems to have appeared in a field immediately next to the super-secret Chilbolton deep-space telescope in Southern England.
In addition, for the first time, on August 18, 2001, four days after the ‘answer’, an actual picture, or more accurately a portrait, or even more accurately a negative in the nature of a newspaper half-tone 180 feet long by 160 feet wide, has appeared, limned in wheat pixels. It depicts what might well be a Neanderthal man, with a heavy, ridged brow, close-set eyes, and prominent nostrils. Not only a portrait, but a careful portrait lit from the upper-left, with clear shadows.
This is an unbelievably elegant accomplishment which in no way could it have been produced by man. The computer layout alone would have required super-sophisticated optical engineering.
The face itself is shocking enough, but what accompanies the face is even more shocking.
The ‘answer’ is an even more sophisticated construction. A rectangular glyph, some 200 feet by 85 feet, in the same field as the face, and is pointed at the radio-telescope, a 24-hour defense establishment.
At first blush, the rectangle has the appearance of a Maya glyph that is vaguely familiar, and then it hits like a bolt of lightning. It has all the appearance and features of the digital signal designed by Carl Sagan and Frank Drake, and sent out in 1974, almost thirty years ago, by the Arecibo deep-space radio telescope.
Sent in a binary code, the Arecibo message showed numbers one through ten, identifying us a base ten culture.
It also showed the atomic numbers for phosphorus, carbon, nitrogen oxygen, and hydrogen, our chemical basis for life as we knew it in 1974. It has the formula for our DNA, the number of nucleotides in our DNA and the curved symmetrical lines of the double helix so they could compare their chemical and biological makeup to ours.
There is an androgynous human figure and its size and a comparison with the size of the Arecibo dish that sent the message.
It showed the population of the earth as 4+ billion.
Finally there is a graphic depiction of the sun and the planets of our solar with the earth shown as above the line to say where the transmission originated.
The ‘answer’ in the field, seems to be a duplicate, but imagers have discovered some fascinating differences.
In the section that shows the chemicals vital to life for us, has been added silicon, a missing critical element to our life, an element that was unknown to us in 1974. They have either corrected our message, or in the alternative shown us that they are silicon-based life.
The anthropomorphic figure shows a larger head in the answer than ours did in the message. It has been speculated that this was their face, a humanoid face, and furthermore the accompanying directions show that they are smaller than humans.
One line of the double helix is slightly different?
Amazingly, the population box that we sent as 4+ billion, now returns reading 21+ billion?
Finally and most importantly, the line of planets of the solar system is changed, and now, where the earth and mars should be, now it shows 3 planets, or 10 planets total, one of them surrounded by 4 dots (moons?), with the figure above the 5th planet.
Taken together with the picture of the Neanderthal, are we being shown a past where there are two more planets in our system, and where the three central planets, Earth, Mars, and (?) were inhabited by 21+ billion people? Are they showing us our future? Or are they trying to tell us something about their system, showing they have 10 planets circling a binary star?
What could it mean?
Well, in 1999, an agriglyph appeared in the same field next to the Chilbolton radio-telescope that depicted what looked to be a fractal directional antenna.
In this new binary image, in the place where we have indicated the size of the arecibo transmitter, they have amazingly enough reproduced the triple-circled design that appeared in the Chilbolton field in August of 2000, as if to suggest that this is their transmitter. It is that a series of directions has been transmitted trying to establish communication.
Now we have been given a response to a message that we sent to a thousand+ star cluster we call M-13. Have we been told to point the fractal antenna towards M-13 to establish communication?
Is this a message in a bottle?
…A DIFFERENT DRUMMER
Time is only one of the differences that cultures may have, and the perceptions are often so at variance that translation and understanding are well-nigh impossible.
With our billions upon billions of people, we have developed almost into a hive culture, with everyone interdependent with everyone else to make the society work, but it is a generic interdependence. The individual is replaceable in an instant, and life goes on.
Looked at in another way, ours is the largest, most efficient slave culture that the world has ever known. We are self-enslavers, eager to be enslaved, driven by omnipresent greed to throw ourselves on the pyre of debt. Today, the average college graduate is already $5,000 in credit card debt. No longer driven to obtain the necessities just to keep body and soul together, we have created new and more costly necessities at an ever-faster rate.
We have made of ourselves squirrels in the spinning cage of a capitalistic laboratory gone mad.
But then, maybe man has been driven almost since the beginning.
In ancient times, man moved to a very different drummer, driven only by the most basic needs: food, shelter and sex, not necessarily in that order.
Our brain capacity has been constant for hundreds-of-thousands of years, and we even triumphed over (or at least bred over) the Neanderthals, who have been shown to have a larger brain capacity than we homo sapiens sapiens.
As we have all been told many times, size doesn´t matter (although we really know that it does). In the matter of brain capacity, post-mortem examination has shown that it appears to be true. So, if that is true, then why is it that it took so long for ´civilization´ to develop?
A dictionary definition of civilization is:
1. The process of civilizing or becoming civilized.
2. The condition of becoming civilized; social organization of a high order, marked by advances in the arts, sciences, etc.
3. Comforts and conveniences made possible by science and technology.
4. The total culture of a people, nation, period, etc, as, the civilization of the Occident differs from that of the Orient.
5. Those countries and peoples considered to have reached a high stage of social and cultural development.
In our own time we have seized on the second and third definitions, and civilization has come to mean the production and ownership of mechanical or electronic gadgets. We are a culture of things having intrinsic value, a materialistic culture.
So our interpretation of earlier or other cultures is colored by our predilections. But maybe it was different in our distant past. Maybe they put their brains to work on what was important to them.
Man has always been a hive mentality, it is just that the hives have become larger and larger. Man is driven to belong. And it really doesn´t seem to matter to what.
Man alone is isolated and alienated. Ripe for the religious experience. By religious experience is meant a ONE-ness with the universe, and we seek to achieve it in many ways, some of them seemingly ridiculous. Nevertheless, we want to belong. So we buy Nike shoes. Root for our home team. Choose one political party or another. See the movie that is hyped the most. Read the most popular book.
Rock stars. Preachers. Politicians. Movie stars. Cult leaders. Gucci handbags. Guess jeans. Coca-cola. Nations. Gangs. Brand name STUFF. It is all part of the drive to belong.
While it may be more palpable in the shared mass experience, but even translates, in a minor way, via the media. However, it is the shared mass experience that is necessary to achieve the full message, and it can be achieved in no other way.
It is sheer guesswork to assume that earlier cultures were more in tune with nature, but it is more than guesswork to tie earlier cultures to the earlier methods of keeping time, which were attuned to the cyclical qualities of nature.
It also follows more logically, because their very existence depended on their being in tune with nature.
Initially, it was vital to be able to read animal signs or to know what vegetation was edible. Keeping track of the seasons could help prepare for what was in store. As things progressed, agriculture required knowledge of what, where and when to plant and when to harvest.
The question of shelter also became a question of defense against attack, and all these things required a specialized and developed knowledge.
Since nature and seasons were essential to living and man needed all the help he could get, he relied on aid from heaven or the gods, and upon the gods´ messengers, those among us who were best able to interpret the signs.
Our society is an anomaly in that we attempt to differentiate between the religious and the secular (and have one hell of a hard time doing it).
Earlier societies quickly recognized the pre-eminent qualities of those who could read the signs or knew the vital things, and so raised them up to direct the destinies of the tribe. From this came Chiefs, Kings, Caesars, Czars, Kaisers and Emperors and Pharoahs who were the representatives of the gods here on earth.
At one time it was possible for one person to know all that there was to know, and he came to be called a `Renaissance Man´. He was a generalist, with an overview of knowledge and able to make necessary connections. Today, we are all specialists, knowing only our own little corner of the world, and there is no one to do overviews.
This came down to us as ´the Divine Right of Kings´, for it was assumed that the ruler achieved the position and kept it with the approval of the gods. If he was assassinated or otherwise overthrown, then that was the will of the gods as well.
It all required two things. Some (even minor) talent, and a major ability to communicate (speech, music, movies, etc.).
Strangely enough, the communication required is that of some universal vulnerability. A speaking of the soul. An outpouring of the deep places within the communicator – speaking to the hidden places in the audience. They become one, recognizing themselves in the communicator. It is a synergistic melding, and with the melding, the feeding back and forth, the communicator rises to undreamed of heights, reaching the god within and touching all the gods within the audience.
Alone, each of us lives in a restricted societal bottle. We know how to behave and what is expected of us and we censor our thoughts and actions to conform.
But in a mass audience situation, where we are anonymous together with many others, perhaps tens of thousands, we can shatter the bottle with impunity, and become part of the mob mentality, no longer individually responsible, we can give in to the waves of emotion that build in intensity as all of us focus on the communicator, feeding and reacting with him.
Is there any question that we are a hive mentality? Ever look at the faces of those attending the mass rallies for Hitler? The faces at a rock concert? The girls fainting at an old Frank Sinatra concert? Women throwing their underwear onstage at Elvis? Irrational support for some political leader? That is the religious experience. The ecstatic experience. That is what we call charisma. It is seeing the face of God! Mick Jagger as shaman!
We have chosen to harness our tribal energies in the service of commercialism. We empower with technology. We try to approach our inner nature through science and technology.
Maybe our far ancestors chose a different path. Maybe they empowered from within. They may have used nature as their power, and their artefacts may have been the result of this partnership.
In ancient times, when there were maybe 100,000 or 200,000 of us in Africa, our tribes may have consisted of only 15 to 100 individuals, while today our tribe may be in the millions, and it may be more difficult to hold us in thrall.
But in the earlier times, when there was a seriously closed society (like Guyana and Jim Jones, or the Heaven’s Gate group), can we imagine what could have been accomplished by harnessing the hive energies? Stonehenge, Pyramids, Temples, Sacsayhuaman, The Gate of the Sun, Nan Madol, anything.
Even today we are unable to duplicate the feats of the ancient builders, and they apparently did it without our modern machinery. So how was it possible?
Is it possible that we were able to shape, levitate, float through the air and place the megalithic blocks by the power of the mass mind alone? What else might be possible? Our ancestors were as intelligent as we are those many years ago, and we recognize that we only use 10% of our brainpower.
What might lie hidden in the other 90%, and did our ancestors know what we have forgotten?
We unpeel time in layers, as in a carefully-wrapped gift… or an onion. We may know much about the skin, but we rarely get to what is underneath. We never get to the core.
Archeology as a science, has only been in existence since approximately1859, but within that short time, it has become the most traditionally hidebound and restrictive of all the sciences. While any efforts or reports made before that date are highly suspect, many of the findings since that date are also questionable.
Was there an Atlantis? Was there a worldwide flood? What existed before the flood?
Are we the first, or merely the latest of many in succession? Or are we the first, last and only?
If there was a prior civilization, which has now been mostly lost, did they seek what we seek? Would we even recognize their achievements?
A prior civilization may have reached its heights by cooperation with nature, while most of our achievements are contrary to nature. We ignore the power of nature, but is our path the only path?
Our cultural biases influence what we see, and acknowledge. In today’s world, there are different visions of what constitutes achievement. Should it be materialistic or spiritual? The difference amounts to the same as the difference between designing a tall building and designing a skyscraper. In our past, a tall building was built from the outside in, it is a supporting box containing the guts of the building, limiting its size, while a skyscraper is built from the inside out, where there is an internal supporting skeleton on which to hang the outside skin. Skeleton vs. exoskeleton. 10 stories vs. 110 stories.
Our thinking is also ‘boxed in’, and we should be thinking ‘outside the box.’
It is the same with our cultural approach. We have chosen the route of brute force vs. that of cooperation. Could we have taken the wrong path? Is there a different path, a ‘user friendly’ path, that might also be environmentally friendly?
Our technological progress has been exponential, the more we know, the more avenues open, and the more information is developed. But it all started somewhere, sometime, and grew from there. Modern man has existed in our present form for at least 200,000 years, and to assume that our progress only began 4,000 years ago, leaves 196,000 years unaccounted for.
We pay only lip-service to the spiritual, while we embrace the secular. We rely on our technological gods, but earlier people, such as the Aztecs had a different take, they relied on blood to propitiate their gods, and expected well-being to come in return.
In the question of progress, it may be that our consciousness is like a volcano, raised to a pressure point and then the ejecta, the discovery, is the result.
Thinking out of the box leads to some interesting paths.
Take Hitler, for example. Did he create Nazi Germany by himself, or did Germany of that time need to throw up a Hitler. Was he in fact a simulcra for the German consciousness, representing and acting on their wishes?
What about Churchill? Before the war he was a minor figure on the outside looking in, but then, when he was needed, he bloomed into the leader that we know.
Look at George W. Before the WTC attack he was a joke, but after the attack he suddenly rose to the occasion, buoyed by the consciousness of the U.S.
Which came first, the chicken or the egg? With Hitler and Churchill it might be questionable, but with George W, it is self-evident.
The ancients may have known about prayer, a melding together of the consciousness of the group focused on a single goal, but what we have reduced it to is only a pale imitation.
As FDR said, “We have nothing to fear but fear itself”, in other words, the group consciousness can either produce the fear or something else. It all depends on how the group is led.
FORGOTTEN SCIENCE?
We examine the accomplishments of the ancients and wonder. How could these primitives do what we still cannot do today?
Our technological achievements have filled us with hubris, but taken in context, possibly we are like adolescents who think they know everything, and belittle the achievements of their elders.
We look at the pyramids of Egypt or the Americas (and now with the underwater ruins at Yonaguni, we can add Asia), and cannot understand how, without modern construction equipment, it ever would have been possible to build them.
Take something as seemingly simple as Stonehenge. Consider the 50-ton lintel stones. Not only did these 100,000 pound sarsen lintels have to be transported some 20 miles, but then had to be lifted 13 feet to the top of the sarsen trilothons and then accurately placed so as to fit into the socket and tenon arrangement designed to hold them in place.
How could they possibly have done it without modern cranes and motorized equipment? The probable answer is, they couldn’t! At least not using their technology, as we now know it!
The Great Pyramid at Giza could not be constructed today, even with all our modern technology. How could the ancients have done it with the technology that we think they had? They couldn’t.
How about the Gate of the Sun at Tiahuanaco? A freestanding 120-ton single stone carved into an ornamental (or informational) gateway and brought to the site over mountains and valleys from quarries far away. Done uncounted thousands of years ago without modern technology, and even impossible using such technology.
How many more examples are necessary? The Maya pyramids and temples. The Aztec pyramids and temples? Nan Madol? Yonaguni? Any of the myriad megalithic structures that dot the globe, none of which could be duplicated today?
Isn’t this sufficient to tell that the ancients had some other technology of which we know little or nothing?
What could it be? Well, there seem to be a number of possibilities:
Magnetism Light Sound Harmonics Electricity Color
Gravity Heat
Physics (Water-Wind-Tides)
Religion Astrology
Alchemy Geomancy
The Senses
We seem to have forgotten, and are only now beginning to remember, that the ancestors, the so-called primitives, were so much closer to nature than we are, and that they knew things that we have ignored until recently.
It is like the concept of Time. Initially time was kept according to nature, but now we have divorced ourselves from nature and measure time by intervals.
In medicine, many of our drugs had their inception in folklore or the handed-down wisdom of shamans regarding plants and minerals. They knew, and relied on, the Power of the Mind to heal. Norman Cousins wrote a bestseller about the healing power of laughter, yet we still rely upon legions of new drugs that often have terribly harmful effects.
The healing powers of the ancient Egyptian physicians were legendary.
We somehow fail to realize that modern medicine and the pharmaceutical manufacturers feed on sickness, not on wellness.
No, the powers of the ancients are not fairy tales or fantasy; they are the powers of ancient technology that we are still not aware of.
Take light. How long has it been since we have discovered the power of light? When did we discover (or rediscover) the laser and began to harness its power? What possibilities of light are still left to be discovered?
How long has it been since we discovered that the ancient Maya fashioned the Pyramid of Kulkulcan to show a moving serpent over the staircase at certain times of the season.
Why did the Egyptians cloak the Great Pyramid in polished white limestone so as to reflect the sun and the moon for all to see over great distances? Was the only reason so that it would be noticed? It is drab today only because the limestone slabs were taken for later building materials. We used the Great Pyramid as a quarry!
And speaking of light, what did the builders use to see when they were working within the stygian darkness of the Pyramids, temples and excavations in the Valley of the Kings. There is no evidence of torches or other burning, no carbon residue on the walls or ceilings. But at Dendera, an inscription shows what is suspiciously like a large electric light!
We now know that we can transmit light over stellar distances for measurement or possibly communication. Light is already used for thousands of discrete communications in a single bundle of fiber optic cables. We use laser scalpels for surgery, we use laser light for industrial cutting, and we are rapidly coming to the place where short and long-range laser weapons are becoming possible. The wonders of modern technology, using light to fashion the long sought after death ray.
We now know of some of the uses of the infrared spectrum, but how many other unknown wavelengths of light remain to be discovered or rediscovered?
Radar has become a valuable tool of many uses, and is only now coming into its own for remote sensing and imaging purposes, opening up whole new avenues for archeology.
'New' technology has developed a cement that only hardens when exposed to a certain light wavelength, and if you've had your teeth 'whitened' lately, it's likely been done by exposing the whitening agent to ultraviolet light.
Sound and harmonics are only now revealing their power to our still narrow-focused sciences. There is a sound canon that can scramble our insides at a distance. Ultrasonics are used for industrial and medical purposes, and sonar (which we stole from bats) has become a standard in undersea warfare.
The ancients knew more about sound then we do. We now have a science of acoustics to balance the sound of concert halls and auditoriums, and yet it is often necessary to ‘fix it’ after the initial construction. We now know that the Maya were masters of sound. At Chichen Itza, the temple priests who were never seen by the people, could speak to them from within the confines of the temples, and the multitudes on the plaza could hear even the slightest whisper because of the superb acoustics of the complex. The same was true of the Ball Court, where giant loudspeakers were not needed. All this was a veritable miracle of sound technology wrought by these supposed primitives.
As for the movement of huge blocks of stone, we might examine the mystery of the Coral Castle.
Cut, quarried, transported and raised without the use of electrical power by frail, 100 pound Edward Leedskalnin in South Florida, this castle consisted of over 1000 tons of coral and 100 tons of carvings, and deserves to be ranked among the wonders of the world.
He completed this vast undertaking alone, by hand, using only the most primitive of tools, and Leedskalnin said that he had discovered the secrets of the pyramids, and his endeavor seems to bear him out.
He created wonder in stone. He was somehow able to bore absolutely true holes through giant blocks of solid coral. He created a perfectly balanced 9-ton stone gate with paper-thin tolerances that required a hole bored through the length of an immense swiveling coral door, balanced so carefully that a child can move it with one finger.
He quarried a 28 tone coral block, transported and raised it all without the aid of any machinery that we are aware of or can recognize, or the use of any modern tools. He wielded 30-ton blocks of stone into castles, sculptures and towers, alone and unaided.
He had discovered some theory of levitation and some method of sculpting huge block of raw stone, and he took his secret with him to the grave, leaving only the evidence of his still unknown power.
Much is made of the impossibility of anti-gravity, but the fact is that we do it every day. Helicopters and hovercraft, airplanes and Ekranaplans, Harriers and Maglev trains, all of these are all forms of defying gravity.
Experiments now show that there is a connection between magnetism and gravity, and for several years, there has been speculation that there is a grid of ley lines throughout the world, and if this power could be harnessed (as it may have been before), what might be accomplished.
Originating with the observation that ancient magical sites could be connected with straight lines, this theory soon developed into the earth's magnetic grid, a grid that had been used by animals, birds and fish to navigate.
Recently, the ancient Chinese art of feng-shui has utilized a close observance of nature to site structures, and feng-shui has a close relationship with the much-denigrated art of Geomancy, which we better know as dowsing. Dowsing may have a close connection to the location and relation to ley lines.
Recent experiments also seem to indicate the exciting possibility that time travel may also have a connection with magnetism.
If you go for an MRI, that's what it is, a Magnetic Resonance Imager, more 'new' technology.
The Egyptian pyramids at Giza are probably the most examined and over-measured structures in the world, but we still have only rank speculation as to their purpose.
We are told that they were tombs for the Pharaohs, but the truth is that not one single Mummy has ever been found in an Egyptian pyramid! Most of them have come from deep excavations in the Valley of the Kings.
The Great Pyramid may well be the most examined, and yet the most persistent mystery on earth. Nowhere is there a single credible piece of evidence of purpose or builder. The single inscription of Khufu supposedly found, is highly suspect.
We have no idea how this greatest structure on earth could have been built, whether by the ancient Egyptian technology that we are aware of, or even our own.
And there are at least as many interesting theories as to the purpose of the great structure.
It has been posited that the Great Pyramid was a type of power generator, and much has been made in the popular literature of 'Pyramid Power'.
Another theory is that the Great Pyramid was a water pump that was fed from nearby ancient Lake Mories.
One of the most interesting conjectures revolves around the supposed discovery, by means of ground-penetrating radar, of a vast megalopolis lying far beneath the pyramid. An underground city where the prediluvian ancestors took refuge during the flood, with the Mirror-like Great Pyramid acting as a beacon allowing those having the correct verbal keys, to contact the survivors below.
Any such claim is deeply suspect, if only because the ground-penetrating radar capability certainly does not seem to be as yet advanced enough for such a discovery.
The mystery deepens because of what's found, or rather isn't found, within the structure. In spite of what is called the 'King's Chamber' and the 'Queen's Chamber', these are only fanciful descriptions. The only thing within the pyramid that we have found to date is what amounts to a carefully hollowed out stone block that resembles nothing so much as a large bathtub without a lid. The archeologists call it a sarcophagus without any provenance.
If it is a tomb, where are the inscriptions from the Book of the Dead, the signposts for the soul of Pharaoh? They are missing. There is no decoration in the interior whatsoever.
Instead there are labyrinthine hidden passages, traps, and the mysterious 'vents' that, when partially explored by a small, remote-controlled robot, reveal a door deep within the structure, a door that is yet to be opened.
The Great Pyramid contains mysteries within mysteries, but the evident facts are enough to show that it must be the culmination of centuries of scientific tradition in mathematics and astronomy, at the very least. There are also claims that it contains 'keys' in the form of sound and harmonics.
The base covers 13.6 acres, each side being about 5 acres in area. Only a stone mountain could have withstood the enormous weight of the pyramid, and fortuitously, but more likely by careful design, the pyramid rest on a flat, solid granite mountain.
It is carefully aligned to True North and oriented to the four points of the compass.
It is 756 feet long on each side, 450 feet high and made up of 2,300,000 blocks of stone averaging 2 and ½ tons in weight.
The pyramid’s cornerstones have built-in balls and sockets to allow for expansion and contraction due to climate, settling or earthquakes.
The 144,000 casing stones are 100-inch thick, 20 ton blocks of highly-polished brilliant white limestone, harder and more durable than marble. They made up a mirrored surface of more than 5 and ¼ acres and are cut to within 1/100th of an inch of perfectly straight sides and right angles on all six sides. An intentional gap of 0.02 inches was left between them, and that is filled with a white cement that is stronger than the blocks it still joins.
The circumference and the height of the pyramid demonstrates that the Egyptians knew the value of Pi, a mathematical formula that supposedly was first discovered by the Greeks, thousands of years later.
The length of the pyramid’s four walls, added together, by simply changing the placement of a decimal point, demonstrates the exact length of the solar year, 365.24 days.
The ascending and descending passages are at exactly the same angle of 26.3 degrees, amazing when it is considered that they are deep within the heart of this monstrous structure.
The so-called ‘King’s Chamber’ is 17 feet by 34 feet by 19 feet high, and the roof is held up (supporting the upper structure of the pyramid) by 5 layers of 70-ton stone beams.
It is not the purpose here to relate the myriad measurements that are alleged to predict the past and the future, but one quote is interesting. Isaiah said that, “In that day there shall be an altar to the Lord in the midst of the Land of Egypt, and a monument at the border thereof to the Lord, and it shall be for a sign and witness unto the Lord of Hosts in the land of Egypt.
While located both in the midst of the Land of Egypt and also upon the border seems unlikely, in fact the pyramid, while in the midst of Egypt, sits on the borderline between what was Upper and Lower Egypt, thus fulfilling the prophecy.
It's also interesting to speculate on the age of the pyramids and the Sphinx of Giza. We are told that the Sphinx and the Great Pyramid were built by Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops), but that conclusion has now been called into question. Not only does the Sphinx show signs of anomalous weathering indicating earlier construction, but there is also evidence that the Sphinx was already ancient when Khufu had it renovated.
From a strictly diagrammatic point of view, it seems to be some type of machine, but its true purpose has yet to be fathomed.
As for the power of Heat, Hannibal knew something about that when he was crossing the Alps. In order to clear the path of his army being blocked by huge boulders, he ordered the boulders heated with fire and then poured vinegar on them, to shatter the stones completely.
Our present medical technology makes use of Thermograms, diagnosing illness by the heat given off by our organs. Now, whether this is heat or light or color technology may be debatable, but it is also debatable whether this is really new technology, or only old technology rediscovered.
The power of Religion is really the power of the mind and the imagination of man. Mostly it seems to have developed into the power of exclusion, rather than the power of inclusion that it is supposed to be. It can safely be said that everyone else's religion is ridiculous. When I first heard of Joseph Smith's finding of the Golden Tablets, I thought that was ridiculous because there were no tablets… that is until I started thinking about Moses' Ten Commandments!
It can also be said that more evil has been done in the name of religion than any other cause. The power of the (G)od(s) has been responsible for the Aztec sacrifices and the Children's Crusade. For the Inquisition and 'Ethnic Cleansing'. For Joan of Arc and John the Baptist. For the 'Thugs' of Kali and for the 'Hashish-ans', now known to us as assassins.
Who knows what good and evil was done in the name of Religion before our recorded history.
We are only now (finally) utilizing wave generators to produce electrical power, and while King Alfred failed to stop the waves rolling in, at least we can now use the power for useful purposes when hitherto the only use has been destructive with things like Tsunamis.
Astrology and the power of the heavenly bodies to affect human progress has been studied for uncounted ages, and while it is regularly laughed at, many people such as Hitler and Ronald Reagan have relied on Astrological charts to order their lives. In spite of almost universal scientific denigration, Astrology is live and well today, as it was in the dim past.
Alchemy presents a stickier problem. Visions of Merlin may dance through your head, and maybe he was an Alchemist (if he even existed), because the origins of Alchemy are lost in the mists of prehistory, attributed to the Egyptian god Thoth.
Nevertheless, Alchemy is very real and flourished in the Middle Ages as a precursor to the physician, the chemist, the physicist, and to some extent, the priest. Alchemists made use of chemistry, astrology, medicine, a call to Greek gods, and even the ancient wisdom of the Cabala to achieve their ends.
One of the most famous of the Alchemists was Paracelsus, and it was said that he created a homunculus out of his own blood, a little man in a bottle who, when removed, grew to full size and extraordinary intelligence. A reading of the procedure is an eerie echo of cloning.
Sir Isaac Newton was also an Alchemist, and it was said of him that he drank a potion that gave him superior intelligence so that he could experience great insights, but that he suffered early senility as his penance.
The quest of the Alchemists, the Philosopher’s Stone that will transmute anything, is still pursued by the scientists of today, who are only Alchemists in mufti.
And there is much to learn from the five senses that humans, animals, and even plants possess.
Somehow, plants can sense danger to themselves or others of their species.
Our physicians are only now becoming aware that some people possess a sense of smell that can detect disease. The breath of a diabetic smells sweet. Naturally, with our bent for gadgets, our science is in the process of developing an artificial nose, but to date, nothing even approaches the sensitivity of the human organ.
As far as senses are concerned, humans do not even approach the sensitivity of the shark. They have eight sensory organs to search, detect, identify, and stalk their prey.
Sharks have directional nostrils that can detect the presence and exact location of one part of blood, sweat or urine in a billion parts of water, and whether it is a suitable meal.
The lateral line is actually and organ running along both sides of a shark’s flank. It is a channel containing sensory cells called neuromasts, which detect the slightest vibrations, even the flutter of a fish’s heartbeat.
The most impressive sense organ is a series of tiny, jelly-filled capsules beneath the skin on the underside of the shark’s snout, which can detect electrical discharges in the water, including the faint electrical field of its prey’s beating heart or moving muscles hundreds of miles away.
Our vaunted technology has barely scratched the surface of the wonders that nature has in store, wonders that our ancestors were so much closer to, and may have known much more about.
Recently the possibilities of Quantum Physics have become a subject of debate, opening up the old science fiction standby of teleportation, movement of things (people?) across distances without an intervening mode of travel. Other new realities may include the possibilities that there may be an infinite number of realities occupying the same space, and that there may be different futures determined by events in which each of us becomes many versions branching off to infinity.
We have technologies today that might well appear to be magic (unexplained technology) to the ancients, but by the same token, they might well have had secrets of their own.
2816 SIRAN
Let’s imagine for the moment that it is 6,000 ACE (although they call it 2816 Siran), and archeologists of that time are pawing (don’t jump to conclusions) through the deeply buried rubble of ancient Villahermosa (although they call it Coca-Cola because that was a prominent metal incised inscription they found in several places, complete with remnants of an original red paint applied with an unknown process). The site is some 4,000 feet up in the Mescan Mountains, but there is clear evidence of a shoreline indicated by sea shells and fossilized sea creatures such as trilobites and others.
The archeologists are amazed to find giant stone heads that seem to be of a style known as Negrid, after a primitive early man type. A furious debate ensues as to the role of the Negrid peoples in early Mescan civilization.
The argument centers on whether the Negrids were indigenous to the area or were voyagers from the vast underseas archeological site known as Neyawk, where they knew the Negrids were indigenous.
Since the Negrid Stone Heads were found at a level where dating establishes them as coming from the ancient year dating system 2000±100 of the era Amurka, or about 4,000 Before Siran.
Certain of the alternative scientists protest strongly, stating that the evidence is clear that the Heads should be dated much earlier and have serious ramifications for their history.
Some of the hot-headed young archeologists even argue that these Heads are somehow connected to the long, connected-block, plateau-like Mescan City geometrical figures that can be seen fully only from the air and are somehow speculatively linked to some unknown sort of gravityless craft. Of course none of these imaginative vehicles have ever been discovered.
Seriously-regarded underwater archeologists have been methodically gridding the enormous underseas pile of stone blocks, slabs and primitive votive sculptures they call the Empistat Monument. This enigmatic structure, mysterious and beckoning, is located in the drowned ruin known as Neyawk, may hold clues to the heads found at Coca-Cola.
Enough of the fairy-tale, but it does have a purpose. We have no way of dating stone, so the Olmec Stone Heads are, for all intent and purpose, are timeless. The way that we have of dating stone artifacts is by finding organic materials found within the same strata where the stone item was found. That’s how we date all our inorganic artifacts, and it seems extremely questionable.
‘Modern’ archeology has only existed for some 150 years, and during that time we have arrogantly superimposed our own constructions on the civilizations of the past. It is clear that much of this imposed matrix is wrong, but yet is vigorously defended by ‘experts’ who have devoted their lives to pet theories.
The point is that since the dating of the Olmec Heads relies upon their being found in situ at the original La Venta site, and then moved in order to facilitate oil drilling to the new manufactured site in Villahermosa, who is there to say that they weren’t moved from another, older site, to the place at La Venta?
If you walk into the Great Pyramid today and somehow hide a rough statue made of very hard wood and covered with an impervious material, does that mean that 10,000 years from today, some archeologist might find a remnant of that statue, penetrate the covering and date the Great Pyramid to today?
Why don’t we just admit that we don’t know!
It is just too tempting to be an ‘expert’ and assert knowledge that doesn’t exist. We should wait until there is a way of dating an alteration, a carving, or a drilling of the stone, to claim a date. It would be necessary to date the alteration because to date the stone itself would be counter-productive.
Any attempt to interfere with the orthodox timeline immediately brings the scientific battalions riding to the defense.
Take Yonaguni. This possible archeological drowned site lies just off the coast of Okinawa in reasonably shallow water. Investigated by a Japanese diver, he immediately concluded that this was a drowned Megalithic site. Scientists say that the area has been underwater for some 10,000 years, indicating that if it was an inhabited site it would have to be much older than that.
An instantaneous dispute developed, with one side saying that it was a natural site, a normal cracking of the basaltic rock that only looks like it is artificial, similar to the allegations about the ‘Bimini Road’, while the other side asserts that it is a Megalithic site.
If that is true, why is it that there aren’t many more such disputable places?
It seems obvious that the site is artificial. Faces, carved animals and fish, circular constructions, square holes and sharp angles, as well as stepped Megalithic temples, or monuments, or whatever, seem clear.
Why the resistance rather than a serious scientific enquiry?
And then there is Nan Madol.
The Nan Madol site is in Micronesia centered around Ponape, an island of the Caroline Islands group, northeast of Australia.
The ruins are 92 man-made islands, stone and coral fill platforms bordered by tidal canals, covering some 11 square miles. The conventional wisdom is that it was a political and religious center for a dynasty from 1100 to 1600 ACE, but there is nothing to say that it was not built, as the legends tell, by giants who flew the basalt to the city.
Built of over 750 million tons of magnetized prismatic basalt crystals up to 50 tons each, most in the shape of naturally-formed logs, this now-dead Megalithic city is built on a coral reef and much of the city is underwater, many of the islands being connected by caves that are now underwater.
And we now have no idea why or how this massive tonnage was magnetized.
Boasting 40 foot high walls and extensively precision cut canals, so that is called the ‘Venice of the Islands’, it is yet another instance of an impossible, awe-inspiring site. Local legends say the stones were magically flown through the air and placed. Seven foot skeletons have been found buried there, and yet there are legends that the ruins were, and are haunted by Black Dwarves. There are 2 additional drowned cities rumored nearby and considerable evidence to support their existence, but little exploration has yet been conducted.
The site has now been dated back some 2,000 years, but only by carbon-dating the remnants of some ancient firepit, but this is a totally stone city, another impossible megalithic site that cannot be dated and may be millennia older.
Let us admit for the moment that Nan Madol is a far more primitive, a cruder site, than say, the Great Pyramid. After all, much of the city is built up in the form of log cabin construction. In spite of that, there is no question as to this being a Megalithic site.
The sheer magnitude of the site alone qualifies it, but more than that, the concept of building such a city on top of coral and inter-connecting the islands with tunnels through the underlying coral, is mind-boggling. But finally, the quarrying and movement of the multi-ton basalt logs is a task on a level with the building of the Great Pyramid.
Once again, we have no idea how these huge basalt logs could have been moved to the location. There are so many of them that it must have been a simple task for them. How is it possible?
It must have been magic, considering that magic is only technology that is not yet understood.
Speculation is that the logs were transported to the site by water. Really? Can you imagine the sea-going prowess necessary to ship 50-ton stone logs? And how about lifting them 40 feet? There must have been some technology.
The logs do seem to put paid to one theory about the pyramids, that the blocks were somehow poured or formed in place. This was speculation to explain the impossible movement and placement of the blocks. Aside from the existence of quarries which provided the pyramid blocks, the movement of the Nan Madol basalt logs proves that there was some methodology to the movement of enormous masses.
There are additional Neolithic (new stone) sites on the island of Malta that are clearly Megalithic in nature. These awesome tombs(?) and temples(?) are reputed to be the oldest structures on earth. Older than the pyramids. Older than Stonehenge. Older than the statues on Easter Island. Older than Ebla, and Mesopotamia, and Sumeria. Even orthodox archeology admits to 3500 BCE.
Again exhibiting great astronomical knowledge, fantastic craftsmanship and accuracy, as well as unimaginable engineering skills, the Malta representation of the Megalithic civilization.
Impossibly constructed of those same enormous stone blocks that proliferated throughout the ancient world, and inspiring the same wonder, these sites gave rise to the legend of a giantess who carried the stone blocks under her arms.
Stonehenge, though allegedly younger than Malta, is surrounded by similar legends, although this time it is King Arthur’s magician Merlin who caused the stones to float.
Time to say it: Levitation! Anti-gravity! There is no other explanation, and if there is no reasonable explanation, then the unreasonable explanation must be the truth. There is hidden technology at work. And not just in one place, all over the world there was a megalithic (big stone) culture, and the method of movement was known everywhere. A worldwide culture.
But was it an antediluvian civilization?
Not according to orthodox archeology, even though the threshold of civilization seems to be pushed back almost daily. Is it possible that orthodox archeology, speaking with all the wisdom of its 150-year existence and passing judgements on thousands upon thousands of years, could be wrong?
FREE ENERGY
Be warned, we are about to enter the land of Captain Hook and Peter Pan. Strap in for Never-Never Land.
Free energy? Almost an oxymoron, isn’t it? In our world of rapaciously rising energy costs, with charges of fraud and price-gouging floating on the air like used tissues on a brisk spring zephyr, mention of Free Energy rings like discordant heresy along with the desert winds of Texas and the Middle East.
Also called Zero Point Energy, or Over-Unity devices, they simply refer to a mechanism which produces more energy coming out as going in. They have also been called Perpetual Motion machines!
But free energy is the buzzword of the Millennia. Certainly it is not a new idea, this energy from the air, but it is certainly a popular idea.
To discuss the theories of free energy is to open a Pandora’s box that clamors with multitudinous voices of scientists and inventors, all claiming to have found the great secret under the names of Perpetual Motion, Anti-Gravity, Zero Point Energy, Pyramid Power, Levitation, Free Energy, Cold Fusion, and many others.
Nikola Tesla thought that free energy was feasible.
Tesla's great hedgehog-like construction of Wardenclyffe was funded by the financier J.P. Morgan with his understanding that it was a radio transmission device, but it was actually a mechanism for the wireless transmission of Zero Point energy, a system to transmit free energy over a wide area, and possibly all over the world. Since old J.P. was never known for giving away anything for free, he withdrew his financing and Wardenclyffe was eventually sold for scrap, the dream crumbling into dust just as the remnants of construction.
We hear of inventions being suppressed, but most of it is anecdotal revelations of fantastic new products that are squashed by the conglomerates or the governments.
Most of them are anecdotal.
Not all.
The story of Nikola Tesla is too long to tell here, and most people have never heard the name, but Tesla was the inventor of many, if not most of the electrics and electronics that make up our world today. To a large extent, he was the architect of our future.
Unfortunately, arrayed against him were all the forces controlled by his more astute contemporaries, Edison, Marconi, Morgan and the minions of the U.S. Government, each of whom utilized, stole or benefited from his ideas. Eventually they were too much for Tesla, the result being that he was crushed, died penniless, paranoid and alone, and is today mostly forgotten by the public at large, although his name is legend among technicians and scientists.
After Tesla died in a second-rate hotel, the FBI invaded the room and made off with his papers and notes, some of which are still missing.
But all around the world, scientists still work on many of the ideas that Tesla originated, and there is at least one school where an Engineering Professor tells students that before they propose a new idea or theory, they should first look to see if Tesla took out a patent on it.
Since this book is a quest for an Antediluvial civilization, we examine a maze of theories relating to the possibilities of societies based on power sources that we might have difficulty even imagining.
We are continuously drawn back to the Great Pyramid, continuously searching for some proof that might date such a structure far back beyond the reign of Cheops.
Such proof may be found in sediments surrounding the base of the monument, in legends regarding watermarks on the stones halfway up its sides, and in salt incrustations found within.
Silt sediments rising to fourteen feet around the base of the pyramid contain many seashells and fossils that have been radiocarbon-dated to be nearly twelve thousand years old. These sediments could have been deposited in such great quantities only by major sea flooding, an event the dynastic Egyptians could never have recorded because they were not living in the area until eight thousand years after the flood!
This evidence alone suggests that the three main Giza pyramids are at least twelve thousand years old.
In support of this ancient flood scenario, mysterious legends and records tell of watermarks that were clearly visible on the limestone casing stones of the Great Pyramid before those stones were removed by the Arabs. These watermarks were halfway up the sides of the pyramid, or about 400 feet above the present level of the Nile River.
Further, when the Great Pyramid was first opened, incrustations of salt an inch thick were found inside the 'Queen's Chamber'.
While much of this salt is known to be natural exudation from the stones of the pyramid, chemical analysis has shown that some of the salt has a mineral content consistent with salt from the sea.
These salt incrustations, found at a height corresponding to the water level marks left on the exterior, are further evidence that at some time in the distant past the pyramid was submerged halfway up its height.
We obviously find it difficult to interpret this device, but imagine, if you will, at a time far distant in the future, a civilization that has perfected Zero Point Energy and wireless transmission, comes across the hulk of the San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant. Would you expect that our ancestors would do any better?
Although we call it a pyramid, from the Greek 'place of measurements' and 'fire within', the Egyptians had another name, they called it Per-Neter or House of Energy. The legend is that one of the main purposes of the Great Per-Neter was to generate, transform, and transmit energy.
Christopher Dunn, in his book The Giza Power Plant came up with a hypothesis that the Great Pyramid was a geo-mechanical power plant that responded sympathetically with the earth's vibrations and converted that energy into electricity.
Based on findings that detected infrasonic vibrations in the 'King's Chamber' that were harmonics of the earth, he conjectures that the chamber, by its geometric and physical design, might be a mighty transducer.
We must, first of all, understand what a transducer is.
An example is the piezoelectric effect that vibration has on quartz crystal. Alternately compressing and releasing the quartz produces electricity.
The quartz crystal is the transducer. It transforms one form of energy into another. Understanding a source of energy and having the means to tap into it, all that is necessary to do is convert any mechanical stresses, or vibrations, into usable electricity utilizing quartz crystals.
Microphones and speakers work on this principle. Sounds going into a microphone are vibrations that the quartz heart of the microphone converts into electricity, while the reverse happens at the speaker.
The phenomenon is reproduced in nature where ball lightning is created by quartz-bearing rock.
Dunn suggests that The Great Pyramid is a power plant that has the ability to respond sympathetically with the earth's vibrations and converts that energy into electricity which is then broadcast.
He further suggests that they used the electricity to power their civilization, which included machine tools with which they shaped hard igneous rock.
Okay, then what happened to these power tools? The answer might well be in those many Egyptian artifacts, the purpose of which we cannot fathom, and oft-times produces a tortured explanation.
Such as the stone jars and bowls that are finely machined to an inexplicable and intricate purpose, and perfectly balanced that are found in the Cairo Museum. These stone artifacts, of which there were over a thousand found at Saqqarra, may have been used in some way as resonators to convert vibration into airborne sound.
Just as we don’t recognize the power plant, we might well not recognize the tools it powers.
The Great Pyramid transducer is probably contained in the ‘King’s Chamber’. Over the years, visitors have noted unusual effects produced in the chamber. It ‘rings’ with footsteps, reverbrating with the induced strike of the footfalls.
We know that the earth itself produces infrasonic vibrations, and these are sympathetically reproduced by the tuning of the ‘King’s Chamber.
Hitherto unrecognized devices within the pyramid have the ability to convert or transduce mechanical energy into electrical energy.
The rare granite out of which the ‘King’s Chamber’ and the coffer were fashioned was obviously specially brought from the Aswan Quarries, chamber and coffer contain 55% or more quartz crystals, so are themselves effectively quartz crystals and thus transducers.
Above the King's Chamber are five rows of the same high-quartz content granite beams, making a total of 43 beams weighing up to 70 tons each. Each layer is separated by a space large enough to crawl into. The red granite beams are cut square and parallel on three sides but have a rough and uneven top surface, some of which even have holes gouged into the top of them.
The roughness of the top surfaces could well be the result of tuning the frequencies of each of the beams.
These 43 beams are like 43 suspension bridges, not fixed into the walls, each one tuned to vibrate the frequency or harmonics of the others, and all tuned with the chamber. The entire chamber is a tuning fork – or a bell. And the coffer within, often struck by guides to demonstrate the clear bell tone produced for the tourists, is a smaller bell within a larger, a kind of trigger for the larger effects.
The pyramid was constructed so as to focus the oscillations of the entire mass of the pyramid directly at the coffer, which would then ring and be amplified through the quartz ‘King’s Chamber’, and then on to resonate throughout the 43 ‘bridge’ beams.
In addition the transducer would require a damping mechanism, because, otherwise the vibrational frequencies would run away and wreck the transducer. The Tacoma Narrows bridge had earned the sobriquet ‘Dancing Gertie’ before finally collapsing from and excess of amplitude. It is for this reason that troops are told to march out of step across a bridge.
If the forcing frequency (sound input) coincided with the natural frequency of the beam, and there was little damping (the beams were not restrained from vibrating), then the transfer of energy would be maximized. Consequently, so would the vibration of the beams, resulting in massive earthquakes and widespread destruction.
At one time in his New York laboratory, Nikola Tesla was experimenting with what he called a ‘resonance engine’, a small machine that fed on and fed back sympathetic vibrations. He mounted it on a supporting beam, started it, and before he could frantically pull the power cord, the machine had caused a blocks-wide earth shaking and virtually destroyed his laboratory. He later called it his ‘earthquake machine’, and discontinued experiments because he was concerned that it might be used for military purposes.
Tests of the ‘King's Chamber' shows that it resonates in an f-sharp chord, said to be the frequency that is in harmony with the earth.
The beams above the ‘King’s Chamber’ have been referred to as being "like baffles in a speaker."
The ancients, anticipating the need for more energy than would be collected only within the King's Chamber, determined that they needed to tap into the vibrations of the earth over a larger area inside the pyramid, then deliver that energy to the power center - the King's Chamber - thereby substantially increasing the amplitude of the oscillations of the granite.
As the earth's vibration flowed through the Great Pyramid, the resonators converted the energy to airborne sound. By design, the angles and surfaces of the walls and ceiling of the Grand Gallery caused reflection of the sound and its focus into the King's Chamber.
Through input of sound and the maximization of resonance, the entire granite complex, in effect, became a vibrating mass of energy.
Modern concert halls are designed and built to interact with the instruments performing within. They are huge musical instruments in themselves. The Great Pyramid can likewise be seen as a huge musical instrument with each element designed to enhance the performance of the other. An instrument designed by a master acoustical engineer.
From investigation of the Great Pyramid, what emerges is a mirrored living mountain. It breathes as it expands and contracts with the heat of the day and the cool of the night. It is blindingly brilliant by day and serenely reflecting the moon by night, but always filling the air with a gargantuan low frequency him that could be heard for miles around. It would be an awesome object of religious veneration. It is almost that now, even as a dead husk, stripped of skin and voice, the corpse is still majestic.
An amazing amount of research is being poured into Great Pyramid investigations, and some interesting practical results have come out of Russia and the Ukraine!
Near Moscow two pyramids have been constructed to a height of 22 meters and 44 meters made from modular fiberglass without internal bracing. Others have been erected throughout Russia. While these pyramids do not mimic the Great Pyramid dynamic, they have achieved some amazing results.
Among them was the placing of a small pyramid next to one of a number of oil wells, and the well began producing a lighter grade of oil. In another installation, a pyramid helped clear water from a well of strontium, heavy metals and salinity.
We are all aware of the recent flap over ‘Pyramid Power’, sharpening razor blades, preserving meat, fruit and vegetables. The fad has now more or less blown over, but rest assured, the experiments continue, and indeed, there may well be something there.
In the recent past, ‘Cold Fusion’ captured the headlines, but after an initial furor, the revealed wisdom was that it was more or less an elaborate hoax, and then it died. At least we all thought it had died, but in fact there are scientists worldwide who are following up, and who believe that Cold Fusion has possibilities.
Gravitational waves, magnetic grids and ley lines have been denied for years by conventional science, but in searching for these non-existent gravitational waves from distant stars, scientists have already allocated over 100 billions dollars to global projects.
There are possible potential energies within magnets and electromagnetic fields. Light is one such electromagnetic (EM) field. The motions of the electrical component and the magnetic component of alternating current, similar to light, are three-dimensional as they travel along a wire, and at several points, each is zero. Where did they go? How is EM energy stored and transmitted? Can usable amounts of energy be extracted from already existing large and massive EM fields?
"Since the advent of quantum mechanics, modern physics has supported the view that the fabric of totality of empty space is not void but contains a plenum of energy called the zero point energy (ZPE). The energy consists of fluctuations of electric field energy that persists even at zero degrees Kelvin. A question applicable to engineers is can the ZPE be tapped as an energy source? At first this idea seems to be a blatant violation of conservation of energy, but if the zero-point energy really exists as is suggested by modern physics, energy is present and its conversion would not be the issue."
The concept of so-called 'Dark Energy' existing in the vastness of outer space, has now been proven to exist.
We have barely scratched the surface, and some or all of the above theories may be ‘pie-in-the-sky’, but sooner or later one of these, or some other theory, will prove out. After all, Science has repeatedly proved that a bumblebee can’t fly. But we know that it can fly, and we also know that Edward Leedskalnin built the Coral Castle alone and without the massive equipment that should have been necessary to undertake the task. He knew the secret. It only remains for us to find it.
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WONDERS TO PERFORM…
“The Lord Works in Mysterious Ways His Wonders to Perform”
Just suppose there is a God? No, no, I don’t mean some kind of amorphous being that you abstractly pray to on Sundays as a kind of ‘just in case’. No, I mean a real God. A God who watches over you, who is responsive and responsible to you. A personal God.
That’s what the ancients believed in, the so-called primitives. But what if they were right, only just not in the ways that you and I can foresee, but rather that there is a God who sees the ‘Big Picture’ and who does things with a purpose in mind? One who works in mysterious ways his wonders to perform.
A God who could create and use Hitler, Genghis Khan, Alexander the Great, Napoleon, Cortes, and all the other terrible people the world has known. A God who could send fires and floods, earthquakes and volcanoes, for his own purpose. Could there be such a God?
Either there could be, or there are some really funny things going on here.
Could such a God create a Hitler, using his creation to achieve ends that the creation could never have even imagined?
What purpose could a God have for creating a force that could kill 12,000,000 people?
Well, what if the Jews really were the ‘Chosen People’? We think of the appellation as conferring benefits, but what if that was not what was meant at all? What it the Jews were chosen as a type of catalyst, a moving force? There is an old joke about Jews complaining that ‘couldn’t God choose someone else?’
The very fact that the Jews are still a people who stand apart since before the beginning of recorded history is an anomaly in the world. It is particularly an anomaly in spite of the many persecutions that the Jews have faced throughout the millennia. The Exodus, the Babylonian Captivity, expulsions from country after country, the Spanish Inquisition, the Progroms in Russia, Poland, and Hungary, the Holocaust, the repeated wars in Israel, why would anyone want to be Jewish?
What if the continued hostile attention given to the Jews had a purpose, and that purpose was to keep them together?
It has often been said that if the world would only leave the Jews alone, that they would assimilate and disappear. But that doesn’t happen. In fact, it is the opposite. In Spain, the Jews had almost assimilated. Many were even willing to foreswear their religion just to fit into the Spanish society. In Germany, the same was true. The Jews felt themselves to be true Germans first and Jews only a distant second. The same in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and it's certainly true in America, but it seems that the more the assimilation, the more egregious will be the persecution, until they (the survivors) are forcefully driven in a homogeneous group from the midst of their ‘neighbors’.
Hitler wanted to rid the world of ‘his’ Jews, and he tried his damndest, but the result was something that he could never have foreseen in his wildest dreams. In a very real sense, Hitler was responsible for the founding of the State of Israel!
There has always been a dark current of anti-Semitism throughout the world, and even though the Semitic peoples include the Arabs, it is the Jews who have always born the brunt of the prejudice. The idea of a geographical home for the Jews had been around for generations, and haphazard attempts had even been made to found such a place outside of Israel, but they always failed.
There is one other possibility, a possibility that is horrendous even to consider.
In another chapter we talk about the power that is in the world. What if there was a power that arose from the focussed energy of large numbers of people? What if a united mind could push up a representative of that united wish?
What if a group consciousness could vomit up a simulacrum of their hatred? A familiar as it were, someone who spoke and resonated in the group consciousness, drawing a like-minded group together against the 'Other.'
In the alternative, a group consciousness, (it could even be prayer, if you will…) might also achieve a good end. Groups have been praying for peace together for decades, and we seem to have achieved a fragile sort of peace, a peace that seems forever threatened, but somehow still holds. Is this the power of group prayer?
This cosmic consciousness, working together might achieve
Before Hitler, the world would never have allowed the Jews to set up shop in their Promised Land. Particularly the British were violently opposed to the idea of interfering with their hegemony over the Arabs. It was only that the world was so guilty over allowing the Holocaust, that the State of Israel was finally founded.
It was founded in the face of odds that were absolutely impossible, and many in the world secretly hoped that the attempt would fail and that the Arabs would wipe the usurpers off the face of the earth. To the surprise of everyone, they failed, and the State of Israel became viable.
If you thought about it, you could almost say that the whole event was a miracle!
Maybe except for the fact that God gave the Jews the only piece of Middle East real estate that didn't have oil under it!
So all the Jews in the camps who thought that God had abandoned them; that no God could ever be so cruel. Those Jews just couldn’t see the ‘Big Picture’, and God just couldn’t see an easier way to do the job.
And if you look at the rise of Hitler in Germany, either there is a God who set up everything for his success, or there was a confluence of circumstances that was nothing short of miraculous. Even when he did things wrong, they turned out right. His aborted Munich 'Beer Hall Putsch', resulted in a trial that gave him a platform to the German people, and his imprisonment gave him the time to write his manifesto, 'Mien Kampf'.
Even that should have turned off the world, but people (especially the money people, and including some Jews) winked at each other and said that the racist, imperialist screed was only propaganda, and once in power, Hitler could be easily controlled.
And at the beginning of the machinations that led to WWII, it seemed that he could do no wrong. He invaded country after country, and the Great Powers did nothing but appease him. Even Poland was swallowed up after England finally declared war. His policy of blitzkrieg, his continuously flying in the face of advice from his Generals, his miraculous escapes from assassination attempts, all seemed to reflect the golden touch.
Hitler could have had it all, and even kept it all, but at some point he seems to have overreached himself, offended God. From then on, fortune seems to have reversed itself.
Shakespeare said it best, “There is a tide in the affairs of men, which, when taken at its flood, leads on to victory…”
Hitler took the tide, but was eventually crushed by the breakers.
Once again, it was either God or a miraculous confluence of circumstances going both ways, but somehow all leading to the establishment of the State of Israel.
Hitler may well be a prime example of the doctrine of unintended consequences.
So, if God achieved the Promised Land for the Jews, what did he get from Cortes and Pissarro?
If it were not that the facts can be corroborated six ways from Sunday, the story of Hernando de Cortes and his conquest of Mexico would be laughed out of the Court of Public Opinion as a pure fairy tale.
You can say what you will of Cortes. You can say that he was a liar and a manipulator. You can say that he was sinful and greedy. You can say that he was cruel and deceitful, say that he was genocidal and treacherous, even say that he was a syphilitic, hunchbacked, half-crippled dwarf, all of which have been said, and may or not be accurate: his accomplishments would be impossible if they were not true.
Looking at it objectively, one might almost have to believe that Cortes was the right hand of God, if a God could be imagined who was bloodthirsty, cruel, unfair, sinful, wicked, corrupt and immoral. Cortes is the law of the jungle brought to life. Survival of the fittest. The strong rule over the weak. To the victor went the spoils and dog ate dog, although sometimes dogs ate men.
It is difficult to look at the tale of the Conquest of Mexico objectively, for you continuously find yourself stalled in disbelief, yet it all happened.
There is an old poem about “…for the want of a nail…,” that illustrates how a tiny thing, or incident, can change the course of great events.
Cortes, a fugitive and a thief with a small band of cutthroat adventurers (and fervent Priests), landed in a fully occupied, civilized country, and completely overturned it to bend it to his will, and his will was only for Gold.
How was it that:
1) He came upon Aguilar who had been captured by the Maya and so learned their language as well as his own Spanish?
2) Landed on the date and in the place in apparent fulfillment of the Quetzalcoatl legend?
3) Came upon the Azteca, Doña Marina, a native-born Nahuatl speaker who had been sold as a slave to the Maya by her evil mother, and as a consequence was able to complete Aguilar’s translation from Spanish-Maya-Nahuatl?
4) Survived Governor Velasquez’ force sent to capture Cortes, and instead, added that force to his?
5) Was not killed or captured outright by the Maya as soon as he set foot on land?
6) Caused to be brought the scourges of European diseases, which eventually wiped out 90% of the indigenous population.
7) Was able to defeat and enlist the aide of the Tarascan forces to overwhelm the Aztecs of Moctecuzoma?
This was only at the beginning of Cortes’ impossible campaign. It went on and on, piling impossibility upon impossibility until Spain was awash in gold and by far the wealthiest nation on the earth… which amazingly was the thing that led to Spain’s downfall.
Was that the unintended consequence that God wanted? Was this payback to the Spanish for their expulsion of the Jews? Maybe Good had had his fill of the sacrifices of the Aztecs, and so brought about their downfall? Although it does seem somewhat excessive of God to have caused the death of tens of millions of Indigenous Peoples for the sins of the Priests.
Did God decimate the ranks of the Indians to provide room for the Europeans who were coming? Were the cruel, rapacious Spanish the ‘Instruments of God’?
Did God visit such depredations upon the poor Indians so that those few left could become putative Christians?
Could there be a God that cruel? Well, no crueler than a God who could use the Holocaust; No crueler than a God who could use the Inquisition to drive the Jews from Spain, spread them all over the world to prompt a climate that gave rise to; a Hitler who could promulgate the Holocaust that led to the creation of the State of Israel. No crueler than that. No crueler than a God who can see the ‘Big Picture’, and so discounts the pawns that are crushed in the game.
Have all these things really happened for a purpose?
Quantum theory tells us that there are infinite timelines that ray out from every incident. So maybe in some other co-existing reality, Doña Marina was never born, or born a man and kept by his mother, or born a Japanese who never saw Cortes, or born without being able to speak, or maybe not able to hear, and so never learned either Nahuatl or Maya, or any of a billion, billion other possible scenarios, all co-existing in the same space in the universe.
Is Quantum theory any easier to understand than a cruel God?
Atlantis may resonate in some deep racial memory, driving us on to find our ancestors.
Maybe all happens for some unfathomable purpose. Maybe this long and fruitless search for Atlantis is God’s way of leading us to the existence of a pre-Deluvian civilization.
Or maybe not. 2090 words
A SNAKE IN THE GRASS…?
For us it begins with the bible, this search for who we are, for the search is not just for places, it is also a search for where we came from. Darwin would have us believe that our ancestors are chimpanzees, while the Creationists say that God sat down and fashioned us whole from the dust of the earth. In their own way, both are right. Chimpanzees may well have been our ancestors in the dim past, but from the beginning we were formed from mortal clay, and the organisms that were part of it.
There were giants on the earth in those days.
It seems clear. There was a time when there were giants on the earth, but where did they come from and what were they?
There were giants were on the earth in those days;
Genesis 6:4
While there is no actual history of pre-history, we do have the Bible. You may call it a record of myth, but there has been a formidable and successful archeological effort devoted to establishing the foundation for these books.
Myths can and often do record events that cannot be explained by existing knowledge, and may be seen as magical or divine.
So, what are we to make of the Biblical tales of fallen gods and giants?
There is no question that giants are a historical reality, but only if we accept that ‘giants’ means people who are taller than average.
The prototypical giant is, of course, Goliath. Generally depicted as a monstrous being 30 feet tall with an enormous booming voice, the Bible says only that he was about 9 feet tall!
In the Bible, giants, while given several names depending on their place of residence, were said to be the ‘half-breed’ children of the ‘fallen ones’, the Nephilim, the ‘Sons of God’ who came down from the heavens to mate with the daughters of men.
The Nephilim were famous for their size. “Who can stand before the sons of Anak?” was one biblical quote.
One of the giants was the 3rd millennium B.C.E. Babylonian hero, Gilgamesh. Another was the fabled King Og of Basham, near the Sea of Galilee. His bed was said to be 13 ½ feet long
[1]GENESIS 6 is packed so tightly with shocking references that it readily lends itself to one of those ‘how many angels could fit on the head of a pin’ discussions. Biblical literature is replete with material that attempts to reach the truth behind the myth.
It has been said that magic is only unexplained technology, and for that reason, it is interesting to replace the word ‘(god)’ with ‘(superior being)’, and the word ‘(angel)’ with ‘(high messenger)’. Changing the terminology will hopefully change the religiously charged nature of the words.
The Old Testament of the Bible says that the Watchers (the sons of the (superior being)(s) [some say as many as 200] came down from Heaven and mated with human women to produce the Nephilim.
It is key to note that the (superior being) (El) is referred to in the plural as Elohim (im being the plural) in the earliest Hebrew texts, and will be referred to as such in the various quotations.
(The)(superior being)(s) said, "Let us make humanity in our image, according to our likeness, and they will rule over the fish of the sea, the birds of the heavens, the domestic animals, all the earth, and all the creeping things which creep on the earth."
(The)(superior being)(s) created the human being in their image; in their own image they created him; male and female they created them.
GENESIS 6:1 Now it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them, so that the sons of (the)(superior being)(s) saw the daughters of men, that they were beautiful; and they took wives for themselves of all whom they chose. And the LORD said, "My Spirit shall not strive with man forever, for he is indeed flesh; yet his days shall be one hundred and twenty years." There were giants on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of (superior being)(s) came in to the daughters of men and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown. (NKJV)
Biblical scholars originally came up with three theories to explain the strange language in Genesis 6: 1) that the Nephilim were the children of (superior being)s – 2) The present dominant view that the Nephilim were actually the children of Seth and Cain, and 3) that they were the children of important people from other lands.
The first, and oldest, belief is that "the sons of (superior being)s" were fallen (high messenger)s who consorted with human women, producing giant offspring called nephilim, although the likelihood of a normal human female giving birth to anything other than slightly larger offspring would be anatomically impossible if the mothers were to remain alive. But there is the possibility of giving birth to a child who later grew to the size of a Goliath, because it has happened before. This view was widely held in the world of the first century. These were the earliest writers, those closest to the events and the memories of those events, were the strongest proponents that the ‘sons of (superior being)(s)’ were fallen (high messenger)s.
The second view , as advocated by Saint Augustine, promoted the theory that "the sons of (the)(superior being)(s)" simply referred to the genealogical line of Seth, who were committed to preserving the true worship of (the)(superior being)(s). His interpretation was that the male offspring of Adam through Seth were "the sons of (superior being)," and the female offspring of Adam through Cain were "the daughters of men." Saint Augustine wrote that the problem was that the family of Seth had interbred with the family of Cain, intermingling the bloodlines and corrupting the pure religion.
The third view, is that "the sons of (the)(superior being)(s)" were the sons of pre-Flood rulers or magistrates. This belief became the standard explanation of rabbinical Judaism, but it is not widely accepted by modern scholars.
The various theories explaining Genesis 6 were all well and good, until the discoveries of the Books of Enoch, Jubilees and the Dead Sea Scrolls, all of which came down firmly on the side of the Watchers being (superior being)s or (high messenger)s. The Book of Enoch, also called 1 Enoch, is a collection of pseudepigraphica which dates to the first or second century B.C. This work, which survived to our day against great odds, deals extensively with the fall of the (high messenger)s. It was viewed favorably at the time even though it was never universally accepted as inspired Scripture.
1. ENOCH 6:1 And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto
2. them beautiful and comely daughters. And the (high messenger)s, the children of the heaven, saw and lusted after them, and said to one another: 'Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men
3. and beget us children.' And Semjaza, who was their leader, said unto them: 'I fear ye will not
4. indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone shall have to pay the penalty of a great sin.' And they all answered him and said: 'Let us all swear an oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations
5. not to abandon this plan but to do this thing.' Then (sware) swore they all together and bound themselves
6. by mutual imprecations upon it. And they were in all two hundred; who descended in the days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon . . .
(From The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, translated by R.H. Charles)
In the Book of Enoch and the additional Book of Giants, the Nephilim were the offspring of a race whose name translates as ‘those who watch’, or ‘the Watchers’, the Sons of Gods. In those works, the Watchers are described as ‘serpents’. The Book of Enoch describes a Nephilim as ‘the son of a serpent named Taba’et’, and also says that the ‘serpent’ who ‘led astray Eve’ in the Garden of Eden was Gadreel, one of the Watchers.
A similar passage is also found in the pseudepigraphic Book of Jubilees:
1. And it came to pass when the children of men began to multiply on the face of the earth and daughters were born unto them, that the (high messenger)s of (the)(superior being)(s) saw them on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon; and they took themselves wives of all whom they
2. chose, and they bare unto them sons and they were giants. And lawlessness increased on the earth and all flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and beasts and birds and everything that walks on the earth - all of them corrupted their ways and their orders, and they began to devour each other, and lawlessness increased on the earth and every imagination of the thoughts of all men
3. (was) thus evil continually . . .
From The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Book of Jubilees
The genesis Apocryphon, one of the texts uncovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls, also contains references to the (high messenger)s interbreeding with human women. In this text, a conversation between Lamech, the father of Noah, and his wife Bathenosh is detailed. Lamech questions his wife because he thinks that the conception of Noah was due to either a (high messenger) or one of their offspring, a nephilim.
The Book of Enoch, the Book of Jubilees, and the genesis Apocryphon all clearly show that the common understanding at the time of Christ was that the fallen host had been (high messenger)s.
And if any question still remains, another of the Dead Sea Scrolls makes it even clearer with a physical description:
"I saw Watchers in my vision, the dream-vision. Two (men) were fighting over me, saying...and holding a great contest over me. I asked them, 'Who are you, that you are thus empowered over me?' They answered me, 'We have been empowered and rule over all mankind'. They said to me, 'Which of us do you choose to rule (you)?' I raised my eyes and looked. [One] of them was terrifying in his appearance, [like a serpent, [his] cloak many-colored yet very dark...And I looked again, and...in his appearance, his visage like a viper, and [wearing...] [exceedingly, and all his eyes...]""I replied to him, 'This Watcher, so is he?' He answered me, 'This Watcher... and his three names are Belial and Prince of Darkness and King of Evil.'"
The origin of the word Nepîlîm is uncertain. First, it may derive from the niphal of the verb pãlã, meaning "be extraordinary," i.e., "extraordinary men." Second, it may be derived from the verb nãpal, "fall," in one of the following senses:
(1) the "fallen ones" - from heaven, i.e., supernatural beings;
(2) morally "fallen men";
(3)"those who fall upon," in the sense of invaders or hostile,
violent men;
(4)"those who fell by" the sword (cf. Ezk. 32:20f.);
(5)"unnaturally begotten men" or bastards (from cf. nepel, "abortion" or
miscarriage"). (vol. 3, pp. 518-519)
The Watchers and the Nephilim were said to be of great stature, taller than any man, with white skin and long, curly, snow-white hair, glowing eyes and faces of a shining countenance like the sun. The Dead Sea Scrolls Book of Amram says one of them was terrifying in his appearance, like a serpent, his cloak many-colored, yet dark, like the wings of a vulture, and his ‘visage like a viper’.
In the Secrets of Enoch it was said that their dress had the appearance of purple feathers but their wings were of gold. The Book of Giants says they were almost bird-men.
Specific descriptions of these ´Watchers´ appear in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Fragments of the Book of Amram, say that the ‘Watchers’ had “a visage like a viper”, a narrow-faced, long-headed appearance.
Nevertheless, these giants were all killed off over time by man. The last, held in awe because he had six fingers and six toes, was killed by King David’s nephew, Jonathan.
The Book of Numbers says that some of the Nephilim survived the Flood and inhabited Canaan until defeated about 1250 BCE.
And so the Nephilim were gone, but were they?
Throughout recorded time there have been skeletal anomalies that might be echoes of the Nephilim.
There must have been many of these Nephilim, because in the Bible, they are referred to by several names, depending on their geographical placement. There were the Rephaim [Hebrew for 'phantoms'], the Emim, the Anakim, the Horim, the Avim, and the Zamzummim.
The evidence that "the sons of (the)(superior being)(s)" mentioned in GENESIS 6 are fallen (high messenger)s/(superior being)s is substantial. These (high messenger)s/(superior being)s produced offspring which were strong and violent. The concept of a race of giant superbeings which resulted from the union of (superior being)s and humans is virtually universal in the world's early civilizations.
Sons of (the)(superior being)(s)? Sons? Plural? Like Jesus was the Son of (the)(superior being)? Jesus has OTHER brothers and sisters? At least half-brothers and sisters. Gods, plural?
If we look at the words of GENESIS 6, where the speaker talks about making men in “our” image, who could be the ‘our’? The speaker is obviously discussing the matter with his peers, but who could be the peers of God except other gods?
And what about "Let us make humanity in our image, according to our likeness…”? ‘Our’ image, and ‘our’ likeness, also refers to a group of equals, and this is further reinforced by the reference to ‘us’, unless God speaks of himself in imperial terms.
Certainly there is little question that the original quotes are in the plural form, and this clearly raises questions as to who and what are speaking.
Well then, what is God? Is he really a god, or just a being that was a (superior being) to relative primitives? Maybe it was the Watchers that came to earth and they communicated with an unseen being that the primitives took to be a (superior being).
Then what are the Watchers, and what are they watching? Watching over their experiment? Why did they leave, if they really ever left? Why have they allowed us to take the path we have taken? Maybe they don’t care, they set the experiment in motion and expected it to go onto some finite end. When will they come back?
In keeping with the ‘how many (high messenger)s could fit on the head of a pin’ discussion, some of the arguments of the early scholars are illuminating in how they saw GENESIS as a serious question to be discussed.
They discussed that there was a conference in some place referred to as heaven (someplace overlooking the earth) among equals discussing what was to be done with the earth
The one doing the creating consulted with the others, saying, "There are others like us up here, but none like us below on earth, and if we go down to earth, the primitives below might be jealous; so why not make beings like us, with our power to understand and be intelligent, so that they can rule over the earth. Then if they are worthy, they will rule but, if not, they will sink lower than the animals and be ruled by them."
This is obviously an argument designed to convince, but who would a true God need to convince?
Which brings to mind that we need a definition for God.
The dictionary
2 definitions for god are:
1.any of various beings conceived of as supernatural, immortal, and having special powers over the lives and affairs of people and the course of nature; deity.
2.an image that is worshipped, idol.
3.a person or thing deified or excessively honored and admired – in monotheistic religions, the creator and ruler of the universe, regarded as eternal, infinite, all-powerful, and all-knowing; Supreme Being; Almighty.
At a later time the indigenous Central and South American Indians saw the Conquistadores as gods, and the South Sea Islanders saw the all-powerful American soldiers as gods during WWII. So it has always been when a more advanced civilization meets a less advanced.
Are we talking here about aliens from other worlds? Well, not likely, because they are able to (mate?) with human women… Unless we are not actually talking about a physical mating, but rather a genetic mixing by other means, although the writings certainly refer to lustful thoughts. So who knows?
These snake beings mating with human women? Well, maybe not mate, maybe only a mixing of the genetic code to shift from Neanderthal to Homo Sapiens Sapiens. Maybe that is the surprising shift, the sudden explosion of Homo Sapiens Sapiens, and the fading away of the Neanderthals. The Neanderthals were the original men, and we are the results of the genetic meddling.
Then there are the almost neglected stories of the Sumerians, a civilization at least 5,000 years old, and said by orthodox historians and archeologists to be the prototype civilization.
Located in a fertile and well-irrigated area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in what is now Iraq, the Sumerian civilization is a real mystery to historians. No prior evidence of Sumerian culture has been found anywhere else on the globe. Where could they have come from? They said that their ancestors came from a passing planet.
Sumerians were a broad headed people, physically and linguistically different from all surrounding tribes that existed before or after them. They arrive in Mesopotamia almost instantly -- as if from nowhere. What is more perplexing is that their civilization, right from the start, had a government, a highly organized religion, schools that taught mathematics, a system of medicine and highly developed masonry skills. But even more astounding -- the Sumerians could read and write! As far as we can tell, they were the first. Where did they come from?
A possible clue is perhaps in one of their earliest myths, which takes place on an island called Tilmun. It is believed by some historians to be the present day Persian Gulf island of Bahrain. They have a myth of the (superior being), Oannes - a half-human, half-fish figure who "came from the firmament to give men culture and learning." The firmament of this era consisted of both oceans and the heavens (Besides the firmament, there was the solid earth and the underworld.).But the best known of these Sumerian legends is The Epic of Gilgamesh.
Gilgamesh was an historical king of Uruk in Babylonia, on the River Euphrates in modern Iraq; he lived about 4700 years before today. (about
2700 B.C. -)
"Man, being the king, who is as the image of (superior being)..."
This phrases relate back to the Atra Hasis, where humans are believed to have been "made" by the Nefilim, in the Nefilim's own image. Gilgamesh was described as being two-thirds Nefilim and one-third human. The birthright of such a hybrid humans was being acknowledged in the same manner as in GENESIS 6:1-4, "the mighty men of renown...," who were "born of the union of women with the sons of (the)(superior being)(s)."
And if the Biblical legends of the Nefilim, sons of the (superior being)s and giants and genetic manipulation sounds like so much science fiction, the Enumma Elish takes us way up to the stratosphere, into the land of Zechariah Sitchin, where we are looking around over our shoulder for the 3600 year return of the dreaded Planet X to devastate our planet!
The home planet of the (superior being)(s), the Nefilim, is called Nibiru. Anu announces that the next approach of Nibiru to Earth's orbit will take the two planets close enough to cause a massive tidal wave. He proclaims that the humans shall not be warned and, since they live along the coast and in low, fertile area, they will be summarily wiped off the face of the planet. The two sons, Enki and Enlil agree to remain silent.
The word "Nibiru" literally translated as "place of the crossing," but the "epic of Creation" in the Enumma Elish clarifies this meaning:
Planet NibiruThe crossroads of heaven and earth shall he occupyAbove and below, they shall not go acrossThey must await him.
Planet NibiruPlanet which is brilliant in the heavensHe holds the central positionTo him they shall pay homage
Planet NibiruIt is he who without livingThe midst of Tiamut (Earth) keeps crossingLet "Crossing" be his nameThe one who occupies the midst.
With very little effort, the early Sumerian sagas can easily be translated into GENESIS. The Cosmogonic and Theogonic views of the old testament are almost identical with those of Babylonian mythology. This is not to say that the Pentateuch writers sat down and copied these views verbatim. The differences of expression attest to that fact. But after being in contact with these surrounding cultures and hearing certain doctrines expressed, it was only natural for some of these views to become a part of their sub-conscious minds. When they sat down to write they were expressing consciously that which had dwelled in their sub-conscious minds.
And the legends are not confined to the Bible and the middle-east. Within the mythology of the Maya Tzendal tribe is an ancient creation legend that connects the tales of the Nephilim, with those of the Chanes of the Yucatan Peninsula.
Votan, was half bird and half serpent, making him a feathered serpent, and he was of the race of Chanes (serpents), the son of a serpent.
Originating in the land of Valum-Chivim (Israel?), he came to Mexico, stopping in Valum-Votan (Cuba?). He and his fleet of ships entered the Usamacinta River in the Yucatan Peninsula, traveling southwest 80 kilometers upstream towards Guatemala to found Na-Chan ‘the city of serpents’, which was later to be the site of the city of Palenque. The Chanes were welcomed by the local Tzendals, and Votan ruled and gave them the rule of law, establishing the secret Maya society still known to this day as the Sh’Tol Brothers .
Traveling back to Valum-Chivim and then returning, Votan split his territory, giving an insurrectionist band of his fellow serpent people permission to found the city of Tulha (alleged to be connected to Na-Chan by a secret tunnel) near the present-day village of Ocosingo on the other side of the Tumbala mountains.
Votan went to Huehuetlan, close to the Pacific Coast, near to the present-day province of Sonocusco, burying a priceless treasure that was tragically later burnt by the Spaniard Nunez de Vega in a typical burst of religious zeal.
Those same Tzendals of Chiapas, Sonocusco and Oaxaca, still revere Votan and their history preserves a whole dynasty of Votanide princes ruling from Na-Chan. Votan appears to be completely separate from Izamna (even though Izamna also claimed to belong to the priestly Chanes and to have come from Chivim) and even the later Kukulkan, who usurped the power of the Votanides.
Chivim was thought to be the land of the Hivites, a pre-Israelite people, and to originate from the Semitic root Chna, a Greek name for Caanan.
The serpent-worshipping Chanes became the priestly line of the Central American Maya and they insisted that their newborn children have their heads bound to a board in memory of Ahau Can, ‘the Great, Lordly Serpent’, so they might be eligible for the priesthood.
The proof of the snake worship is that the Itzaes and Cocomes (plural of Nahuatl coatl), two tribes of the Maya, both translate as snake.
Correlating this myth is the fact that elongated skulls without deformation abound in the Yucatan. Was this an ancestral line of the Chanes? Some day we may be able to connect them.
Snake worship and veneration runs through the warp and woof of the history of many peoples, not the least of which were the Maya, the Olmec, the Aztecs, the Egyptians, and many other Middle-Eastern peoples, particularly the Jews. The elite of the Halaf and Ubaid peoples from the Kurdish Highlands practiced the same kind of head deformation 6000-4000BCE, and an early Ubaid statue clearly shows a reptilian head on a male body. The cult of a serpent/vulture was extant at Nevali Cori about 8000 BCE
In the Jewish apocryphal and psuedoepigraphal works such as the Book of Enoch and the Book of Giants, the Nephilim were the offspring of a race known as the ’Watchers’ described as ´serpents’.
The Jewish people saw the snake as a symbol of both wisdom and retribution through the association with Moses and the personification of evil in the story of Adam and Eve.
In all the concern about the lustful thoughts of the Nephilim, women were also remembered in the little-known tales of Lilith.
The book of Ezekiel says Eden was in the present-day land of the Kurds and the time of Abraham was 2000 BCE.
The charge against women is that by their feminine wiles, the daughters of men stole the arts of weaponry, magic, writing, adornment, cosmetics, abortion, medicine, and all the sciences from the Watchers (partook of the apple), and it seems that it wasn’t all that women did.
The legend of Lilith goes back at least to the Babylonians and the Sumerians, and comes down to us from an 8th or 9th century ACE document called the Alphabet of Ben Sira. We are told that she was the gift that God gave after Adam had cried out that he alone, of all God’s creatures, was without a mate. While Adam was fashioned of the dust of the earth, Lilith was fashioned of mud, so that they were equally of the earth, and she demanded equality, even refusing to be under Adam during intercourse.
Finally she ran away to mate with demons by the sea, and her many resulting children (demons) were called Lilim. When Adam complained to God that the woman that had been given to him had run away, God sent three angels to Lilith, demanding that she return. When she refused, she made a bargain with the angels that she could remain away from Adam, but that she was to be punished by visiting upon her the death of 100 of her children each day. It was only then that he created Eve from a rib taken from Adam’s body, so she might be subservient to him.
The legend of Lilith is a legend of female duality, and her psychopathology was that she was bi-polar. To men she would be the divine whore, a seductive anima. To a woman, her primary aspect is that of terrible mother, sometimes known as ‘the strangler,’ a mortal danger to little children while not harming the mother.
This duality likely comes the two Babylonian goddesses, Lamashtu and Ishtar, whose two different and opposite personae were fused in the Hebrew Lilith.
The name ‘Eve’ (mother of all living) comes from the Hebrew H’via meaning female serpent, while the Arabic Hayyat means both life and serpent.
Eve, both the female serpent and the mother of all living, was, through her daughters, the progenitor of the Nephilim / Awwin, ‘Sons of the Serpent’.
In the Semitic Hebrew (C)hiv(im) means ‘Sons of the (Hiv/hevia) Serpent’, and is linked to Nephilim who were the sons of the ‘Watchers’. The Watchers are the fallen ones, the ‘Sons of God’ who came in unto the daughters of men who bore the Nephilim. In Enoch, the Watchers are also described as serpents, and the Nephilim were therefore the ‘Sons of Serpents’.
The creator originally made one being which was both male and female and later divided them into two beings so that they could replicate themselves, making the male superior to the female.
The New Testament says that the female had to be kept restrained because it was she who seduced the ‘sons of the gods’ into giving up their advanced knowledge and technology, giving their sons more knowledge than they could handle.
[2]11:7. For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, since he is the image and glory of (the)(superior being)(s); but woman is the glory of man.
8. For man is not from woman, but woman from man.
9. Nor was man created for the woman, but woman for the man.
10. For this reason the woman ought to have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the (high messenger)s. (NKJV)
If we consider the many descriptions of the Nephilim and the Human-Reptilian statuary of the ancient Ubaid, then that consideration could lead us to the possibility that the genetic line could have had echoes down through history.
We know that there have always been humans who have larger brain cases, the so-called ‘long-heads.’
In 1969, in Peru, were found a number of grotesquely long skulls, with a brain cases roughly three times the size of a ‘normal’ skull.
King Tut and his father, Pharoah Akhnaten, the Pharoah of the One God, were both long-heads.
Akhnaten and all his children, including Tutankhamen, even though he was born to a different wife, and Ankhesenpaaten, the half-sister that Tutankhamen married, were all long-heads, with brain-cases about twice the size of a ‘normal’ head. In addition, Akhnaten had an abnormally long, thin face.
Today we are shocked that the Egyptian rulers often married sisters, cousins, and occasionally even their own daughters! They may have only been trying to preserve and avoid the pollution of their own genes.
Extensive studies of Akhnaten and Tutenkhamen, have brought to light the very real possibility that they were affected by Marfan’s Syndrome. Elongated heads, lack of body fat, long faces, abnormally tall bodies, spider-like fingers and toes, as well as a shortened lifespan, are all symptoms of Marfan’s Syndrome.
Only one parent need possess the trait and each child of a Syndrome parent has a 50% chance of inheriting.
But it isn’t necessary to look all the way to Egypt for the symptoms of the gene for Marfan’s Syndrome.
Along with the Peruvian long-head skulls, in the newly discovered site known as Dos Cabezas, they have found the remains of three 6 foot tall skeletons (unusually tall in relation to the normal height), which seem to exhibit the Marfan’s symptoms.
Marfan´s Syndrome inheritors are not limited to the distant past. Abraham Lincoln and the pianist Paganini were both Marfan´s Syndrome people, and many others that have inherited the Syndrome.
There is now a great controversy surrounding a giant, supposedly Caucasoid, skeleton found in the American Northwest and known as Kennewick Man. It has not been examined because the local Indian tribe claims it as an ancestor.
Unfortunately, mainstream archeologists have a disturbing tendency to ‘gloss over’ anything that does not agree with existing theories.
Several Olmecs sculptures exhibit long-heads, and there is also an inscription clearly depicting a tall, thin, long-faced individual whom archeologists have named ‘Uncle Sam’ because of the obvious resemblance to the American icon.
While the Maya predilection to bind their newborn’s heads with boards so as to form the skull to resemble the long-heads horrifies us, this cosmetic elongation of skulls was almost a pre-requisite for enhanced status, maybe done in veneration of long-heads that were with them in ancient days.
Then there is the question of six fingers. Remember the last of the Nephilim and his six fingers and toes? We know that Lord Shield Jaguar and his son, Lord Bird Jaguar, successive rulers of Yaxchilan on the Mexico-Guatemala border, both had six fingers, and thus were seen as divine by their subjects.
We also know that the gene for six fingers is dominant, meaning that it only takes one parent to pass it on. Of course, the question arises as to why there aren’t a lot more six-fingered people.
There are, it is just that it’s not cosmetically acceptable any more, and so the ‘extra’ appendages are routinely amputated. It is little known that Anne Boleyn, the beheaded wife of Henry VIII, had six fingers on one hand.
And then there is the question of the possibility that we have a saurian heritage. The prevailing wisdom seems to be that birds are the sole remnants of dinosaurs, but that certainly doesn’t hold true for the Komodo Dragon, crocodiles and alligators, or tortoises. Their reptilian ancestry is clear.
So is our own reptilian ancestry. Our triune brains consist of the R-complex, the midbrain, or Limbic system, and the Neocortex. The R-complex is the primitive brain controlling our autonomic nervous system with such things as our breathing and heartbeat. It is most concerned with our safety. The Limbic system controls our emotions, while the Neocortex is our thinking brain.
The ‘R’ in R-complex stands for Reptile, for the R-complex is our reptilian genetic inheritance, a reptile-like brain, unthinking and unfeeling.
Was there a mating between the reptilian ‘Sons of God’ and the daughters of men? For the answer, maybe we need only look in the mirror.
What is proposed is that Marfan’s Syndrome and the six-finger gene, even our own triune brain, are all ´Echoes of the Nephilim´ that still exist in the present-day.
All mammal brains are essentially the same, and they all have a reptile brain at the base. People worry about being descended from monkeys (actually chimpanzees), but what they really should be worrying about is being descended from SNAKES!
Humans have a triune brain, a brain in 3 parts: the Reptile brain, sometimes called the R-complex, (the brainstem), the Mammalian brain and finally the Neocortex. Our ancestry is recorded in our brains, and conventional thinking is that snakes were the first creatures to emerge from a watery environment and survive, and that all animals are thus descended from the original snakes.
In theory at least, the reptilian brain is only concerned with what are called the 4 ‘F’s. Flight, Fight, Food, and Reproduction. The obsessive responses. Piggy-backed on the reptile brain is the mammalian brain, also known as the midbrain. This is theoretically the emotional brain, and on top of that is the neo-cortex, the supposedly civilizing/controlling part of the brain. Well, maybe, except that some of our actions don’t really seem all that civilized.
Possibly we should pay more attention to what may well be one of the earliest sculptures yet discovered, the body of a man with a decidedly reptilian head. This Ubaid statue, thought to be from about 3500 BCE in what is now Iraq, is certainly one of the most haunting figures ever fashioned. What could have inspired it? Could it have something to do with the hundreds of long-head skulls found in ‘digs’ all over the world? Might these ‘snakeheads’ have actually existed, and did human admiration of them motivate Maya, and other, parents to torture the skulls of their infants into imitative shapes by binding their children’s heads with boards?
Now, possibly the biblical story is simply an allegory for a genetic manipulation engineered by the ‘Watchers’, which could never be understood by those unschooled in the genetic arts.
It is telling that there was no biological reason that prohibited interbreeding between Homo Sapiens Sapiens and Neanderthals, and as was said in the movie Jurassic Park, “Life will find a way”. We can be absolutely positive that if it was possible then it was accomplished, with concomitant results to the gene pool.
Present scientific thinking is that human evolution can be traced back to a reptile/mammal creature, probably similar to the Komodo Dragon.
How strange that even orthodox scientific thinking comes back to a reptilian/mammalian creature. Echoes of the Watchers and the Nephilim, because the same argument could be made on behalf of a Neanderthal/Watcher combination.
Then again, by what appears to be a very small stretch, maybe the fabled Nephilim were actually Neanderthal man!
Almost certainly, the Neanderthal race possessed advanced language. Fossil remains indicate Neanderthal voice boxes containing the vocal cords were capable of making the same sounds as modern humans. As they lived alongside humans it is reasonable to conclude they spoke the same language or if not learned to speak it becoming bi-lingual.Researchers working in caves in Israel have unearthed skeletons of both Neanderthals and modern humans. These Neanderthal remains have been dated back some 60,000 years (see revised information on dating); the accompanying "modern" humans skeletons back 92,000 years.
If the dates are correct, modern type humans were around for a long time 'before' the Neanderthals appeared. After they did arrive on the scene "modern humans" appear to have coexisted with Neanderthals, sharing living areas together with them for some time, until they the Neanderthals went extinct. Although it appears that Neanderthals and modern humans were contemporary, inhabiting the same geographic areas and living areas, it was recently thought that Neanderthals did not interbreed with humans.
There is certainly evidence that both 'types' exchanged ideas, at least in how to make tools. As a result, the idea that Homo Neanderthalensis directly evolved into Homo sapiens now seems finally possible, and even likely.
According to present scientific thinking the fossil record of Neanderthals abruptly ends about 30,000 to 35,000 years ago (see revised information on dating). After this time only Homo Sapiens appear to dominate the scene. Researchers make the comment that "Why Neanderthals suddenly went extinct is a topic of much questioning, and we may never know the true reason."
Is it too much to extrapolate that they became one in the same?
The contradicting and mysterious circumstances surrounding the Neanderthal's can be explained by the manuscript accounts referring to an ancient hybrid race, the Nephilim. These manuscripts are among some of the oldest ever found in the world, now collected together as part of the scriptures. The Neanderthal remains could be the remains of Nephilim.
We know so little of the capacity or capabilities of human brains, let alone the brains of other species, and once again, our species-izm has got the better of us and we have closed our minds to the limitless possibilities that are out there. In spite of the fact that we use less than 5% of our brains, we choose to ignore the other 95% of our own brains, as well as the possibilities of brains of other species.
We have no need to look off-world for aliens, we know so little of the aliens that co-exist with us. Just a cursory look at cetaceans such as dolphins and whales reveals the depth of our ignorance.
A dolphin has a brain that is essentially similar to ours, except that their civilizing neo-cortex has more folds and convolutions, it is also very different. It is larger than a human brain, but it has evolved differently because different skills are needed by dolphins than are needed by humans.
In dolphins, a great deal of their intellect (which may be as large or larger than ours) is taken up with communication and echolocation, both of which skills are far more highly developed in cetaceans. Dolphins are able to communicate with each other over a distance of eight miles. After all, dolphins have been able to learn rudimentary human speech and follow instructions, but there is no record of humans who can speak or understand dolphin.
However, we should keep in mind the possibility that simple vocal ability might not be evidentiary of intelligence, but rather only species-specific specialization, such as echolocation might be for dolphins.
Humans have an anthropocentric perspective on the world, believing we are superior because we developed an opposable thumb, which allows us the use of tools to manipulate our environment.
Dolphins have no opposable thumb, but with essentially the same intellectual capacity, they have been around much longer than humans. What skills have they developed that are hidden to humans?
Our opposable thumb has led directly to our technological civilization, and we make the mistake of equating technology with intelligence. The fact is that humans need their technology in order to survive, whereas cetaceans have survived for a much longer time than humans, without the need for our vaunted technology. Their adaptation to their environment without the detritus dictated by technology might well be evidence of a superior, more environmentally-friendly intellect.
Rather than be proud of our hands with an opposable thumb, we should take note of the dolphin’s flippers, which are vestigial limbs, morphed into aids to guidance because there was little need of hands for their survival in a watery environment.
It is generally accepted that dolphins have existed on the planet far longer than humans (although there is little empirical evidence for such a thesis), possibly as much as 65 million years, and rather than humans studying dolphins, dolphins should probably be studying us as a lesser species.
Dolphins originally evolved as land animals and then, 10-15 million years, they moved to the sea. Since dolphins have existed some 200-300 times longer than humans, so who has the greater intelligence?
Intelligence can be assessed in various ways, but possibly the best way is to measure intelligence is the success of the species developing the specialized survival skills to continue existing in our planetary environment.
Elsewhere we have discussed the simply amazing specialized survival skills that have been developed by the Great White shark, a species which may even be immortal. And these skills have been internalized, rather than externalized as humans have done.
In place of the shark and cetacean skills of echolocation, man has instead just now developed the wonders of the GPS system, which requires a world-wide system of complicated satellites and receivers to do what the cetaceans do automatically.
Dolphin and human brains are essentially the same, with the left brain of a human being logical and analytical, while the right brain is more creative.
Dolphins may use their brain more holistically than humans, because while their two hemispheres have independent blood supplies, and each side controls its own eye, they also have more connections between their right and left brains than are seen in humans.
But in addition to their human-like triune brain, cetaceans have a more convoluted neo-cortex and have a fourth lobe that is exclusively devoted to the senses. This fourth lobe may be related to our vestigial pineal gland.
While our brains essentially shut down for sleep, except for the ever-vigilant reptile brain which is responsible for our dreaming, dolphins shut down only half their brains at a time.
We envy dolphins their freedom, vitality, grace, playfulness, serenity, trust and love. They have a simply amazing capacity for humor and playfulness, and are particularly apt at practical jokes. They also engage in sex for pleasure, and even do oral sex. All of which are indicative of intelligence because they only arise when the most basic needs have been met.
They are able to use some ninety percent of their lung capacity, while humans have to be satisfied with only using twenty percent. War is unknown to them, as is in-species violence, but they have been known to sacrifice their own lives to save the life of another dolphin.
Not only that, but because earth is basically a water planet, dolphins have mobility over a vastly larger area than humans. Dolphins move easily among social groups or ‘pods’, and child-rearing is a shared experience without jealousy or possessiveness.
Recently humans have shown an interest in utilizing closeness, by means of swimming with dolphins, and even visualization by means of videos and movies, with dolphins as a healing emotional experience. Dolphins have proven invaluable in reaching autistic and learning-disabled children.
And dolphins have an affinity to humans, sometimes blatantly sexual, and apparently even recognizing emotions emanating from humans in trouble, acting to save them, even successfully butting away sharks. This is somewhat strange, and may even militate against cetacean intelligence, for if dolphins have an implacable enemy, it is humans. Our species have been killing their species by the tens-of-thousands, for meat and oil, since time immemorial.
Dolphins also have an ultrasound capability that humans are only now beginning to explore, and it is theorized that dolphins can actually scan people for mental and physical illness, and even use the facility for healing. Groups of dolphins have been observed, seemingly concentrating on one of their number who is ill, as group healing behavior.
Wouldn’t humans be amazed if aliens came from outer space to communicate with the foremost intelligence on the planet, and went straight to the cetaceans? For that matter, who is to say that they haven’t already done so?
And it is not only dolphins that have intriguing anomalies. Take the 200-MILLION-year-old New Zealand lizard called a Tuatara. It and many other reptiles actually have a third eye set between their other two eyes. It has a lens and the normal eye configuration, but is covered over with skin.
Called a parietal eye, it is connected to the pineal gland, a gland which has no known function in the human brain. Its purpose in reptiles is still unclear, but it is theorized that it is temperature-sensitive, and used to keep track of the position of the sun so that the lizard can orient itself.
Did humans once have a third eye? Certain Eastern disciplines insist that the opening of the third eye through mental exercises leads to wisdom, but who knows? More information about what we know very little, even in ourselves, or in species that we share our world with. There is too much information to fit within present parameters.
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SKEPTICS AND DREAMERS
Skeptics and dreamers. The world has always had an ample supply of both. The dreamers to imagine and the skeptics to poo-poo their ideas… at first. Then the ideas take fire and the skeptics, their knowledge challenged, jump into it with both feet to prove the dreamers wrong! Sometimes they do, but other times, wonderful things happen and dreams come true. Dreamers ask Why? and the skeptics try to tell them Why Not, not as a question, but as a lofty response.
The favorite is the staid scientist who scoffs at an idea with the epithet, “That’s only in Science Fiction!” Much of the time they’re right, most dreamers deal in fiction, it is the skeptics and the scoffers who turn it into fact. They operate in a Dynamic Tension, and skeptics stand on the shoulders of dreamers.
In 1940, the head of IBM said that all the world would ever need was five computers. Before that, a thinking machine was only science fiction. Then came the dreamers and the tinkerers in the garages…
In 1870, there was a serious movement to close the Patent Office, because that all that could ever be invented, had been.
Sometimes, as in the case of Carl Sagan, the skeptics become the dreamers. Sagan, the conservative scientist who had originally scoffed, Became a science fiction writer who dreamed of aliens and space travel.
Jules Verne was a dreamer. Heinrich Schliemann. Howard Carter. Heinlein, Asimov and so many others. Spinners of straw into gold. The new Rumpelstiltskins (the idea for who, by the way, came out of the alchemists search to turn base materials into gold).
There must be millions of examples of dreams that have later turned into fact. What we discuss here are mysteries and legends, civilizations and cities and peoples, that started out as dreams, as a quest, that later bore fruit.
El Dorado
Atlantis
Patiti
Troy
Ubar
Samarkhand
Angkor Wat
Teotihuacan
Tula
Agartha
China
Vinland
Antarctica
Mu
Xanadu
Seven Cities of
Cibola
Schaparelli’s Canali
Pluto
Uranus
Maccu Piccu
Sacsayhuaman
Tiahanaco
Hieropolis
Pompeii
Herculaneum
Ostia
Edzna
Akrotiri on Santorini
The missing 8th planet
All of them were dreams. Some still are, but some have been found. It is not so much in the reality of the dream, as it is in the quest, for in the search serendipity takes over, and who knows what may be revealed. It seems that every week, a new discovery is made that someone hails as the lost Atlantis. So far, no joy, but look at the discoveries that have been made in the course of the search!
The mysteries in this world and the search for the answers go on ad infinitum. Some of the most sought after have yet to be found and still the search goes on.
The Spanish expended many lives and much effort in the search for El Dorado, and, although it was never successful, a great deal of exploration took place along the way, opening up the land to the depredations of the following colonists. Meanwhile, men still search for El Dorado, now rumored to be in the jungles of Brazil.
Heinrich Schleimann, against every advice, followed the mythical trails of Ulysses and rediscovered the lost city of Troy, establishing how myths might not always be mythical.
The Vikings found Vinland, and then lost it again.
Hiram Bingham in 1911, looking for the lost city of Vilcabamba, more or less stumbled on another lost city, Maccu Piccu. Vilcabamba is still lost.
It was only through the radar eyes of remote sensing that we were able to relocate the fabled lost city of Ubar.
Tula, Sacsayhuaman, Tiahuanaco, Pompeii, Teotihuacan and Herculaneum are all being restored for the edification of hordes of tourists, who all want to know how our ancestors lived, before these cities were lost.
Maybe it isn’t the cities that were lost, only humans who lost their way.
We know that Antarctica exists, and we even know the shape of the continent beneath the ice, but the continents of Atlantis and Mu are still among the missing.
The list is almost endless.
We are so proud of ourselves, and our shiny new toys, that we are unable to admit that the former inhabitants of our big blue marble could have been as puffed up with themselves and as full of hubris as we are, and with just as much reason. We can’t imagine that some of our bright new toys are only re-inventions of something that was found long ago, but then lost.
Even more, we cannot accept that people in the dim past might have known more, or different things, than we know now.
But it was only 250 years ago that an event occurred that could mark the beginnings of our technological age. We must have been sleeping before then because Homo Sapiens Sapiens (us) have been around for at least 3 million years!
I guess we finally woke up around 1752 because Ben Franklin began his experiments with electricity and invented the lightning rod to protect structures from Nature’s force. The 1900's, the 20th Century, would be called the Age of Electricity.
But in1807, just a little less than 200 years ago, the first real breakthrough occurred. The steamboat appeared and thus was borne the first powered transportation.
It wasn’t until1830 that the first electric motor appeared, but it took another three years before the sewing machine was perfected.
Ten years past before in 1843 a process for producing usable rubber came on the scene, and it was mostly used for rubberizing fabrics. Rubber boots and slickers.
The elevator was introduced to the public in 1857, but was an invention ahead of its time because there weren’t any high-rise buildings, and so it was used mostly for freight.
By 1859 the oil well came in, but the oil was mostly used for lubrication or to produce kerosene for lamps, because the internal combustion engine was still a ways down the line.
In 1873 the typewriter was born, and was hailed as the greatest advance in communications in the history of civilization.
TELEPHONE! The telephone began ringing off the wall in 1876, although the telegraph was already here, but if you wanted to send a message from house to house, you had to send a messenger.
The next year, 1877, the first phonograph made a big noise. For the first time, music and speech was brought into the home, but it was on wax cylinders, not even records, magnetic tape or CDs.
LIGHT! Finally, for the first time, the light bulb shined its light in 1880, just a little over 100 years ago, and the world was a little brighter. Wherever you are, look around and try to imagine the world without the light bulb. Before that it was candles, kerosene or whale oil lamps, or somewhat later, gas, with all its attendant dangers.
In1882 the electric fan was introduced.
Then, advances in steel engineering and the use of the elevator, in1885 brought the first 10-story skyscraper, but air conditioning didn't show up until 1902, so the first multi-storied buildings had to have lots of windows that opened.
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE! 1887 saw the first 2-cylinder gas engine, but it was a while before there was anything to put it in.
1888 was the year of the first truly portable camera for use by the public.
In1893, someone got tired of fiddling with all those buttons and sat down to invent the zipper.
FLIGHT! 1903, about 100 years ago, the first powered airplane took to the air, but it was still several years before they began carrying anybody besides the pilot. Seems hard to imagine a world without airplanes that carry hundreds of people safely (although not always in perfect comfort, especially for the larger ones of us). Before the Wright Brothers took off, the only creatures in the air were birds.
THE AUTOMOBILE! Ah yes, in 1908 the Model T was introduced to the public and the age of pollution began. Finally there was something that could make use of that rubber and that internal combustion engine (that had now grown to four cylinders. Now we could finally have real pollution. Before all you had to worry about was coal smoke, horse droppings in the road, and the occasional belch.
RADIO! 1920, eighty years ago or so, saw the advent of the live outside world intruding into the living room. At last there was a place to put all those commercials until TV was ready.
TV OR NOT TV? In 1927, the first patents were taken out for TV, but it was not until 1946, just after the Second World War, that things really started in earnest and you could really see dancing cigarettes.
PLASTIC! It wasn't until1938 that the first chemical synthetic plastic came in, although mostly it was used for war materials until peace was declared and nylon stockings became all the rage, to be followed almost immediately by Ronco and all that plastic stuff they try to sell you on TV. Look around, our world would be impossible without plastics. This should really be called the Age of Plastics.
COMPUTER! In1939 IBM built the first digital computer, about the size of a large tennis court, but it was not until the 1970's that they started to clone and to breed.
SPACE! Less than 50 years ago, in1958, little beeping satellites announced our entry into space, and every mother being in the universe became afraid... very afraid.
LASER! Came to us in 1960, and we are still finding uses for the invention, that may well prove to be one of the most important inventions of the century.
For some reason, we can’t allow ourselves to consider that we are only infants ‘…with miles to go before we sleep.’ We have short memories and an even shorter attention span. The only thing we have going for us is our curiosity. That alone will serve to reveal our past, like peeling layers from an onion. What is there at the core?
There are new tools and new searchers. The field of remote sensing seems to offer the most promise. Still in its infancy, this new science offers up the possibility that we will eventually be able to see farther and farther beneath the surface of the earth and the seas. But there will still be chimeras to chase, and dreamers and skeptics to chase them. Right now, we can’t even imagine what the dreams will be, but one thing we do know, there will always be dreams.
BEYOND THE PILLARS
SUMMARY
Our history is like a Russian matrushka doll. Dolls within dolls within dolls, but you can see the inner dolls only by opening the outer dolls. Many archeologists and historians have shown themselves reluctant to open the outer dolls of our history. They say that it is in the name of science and that they require proof, but they seem to have forgotten that science is all about speculation, and they ignore the spirit of inquiry.
Plato's tale of Atlantis has burned in the world's consciousness for centuries, but was it true, was it a fable, or was it possibly even just an allegorical morality tale?
Regardless of the actual existence of Atlantis, it seems clear that civilizations have come and gone, some of them drowned in the mists of time to exist now only in the vagaries of memory and legend.
There are many ways that civilizations could have disappeared leaving little trace, but there exists silent signs of massive ancient asteroid strikes, as well as worldwide evidence of inexplicable ancient megalithic structures such as Tiwanaku, Nan Madol, Yonaguni, Macchu Picchu, Malta and many others. The brilliant but much-maligned Emmanuel Velikovsky even suggests that Earth was once sideswiped by Venus, while Uranus is topsy-turvy due to a massive impact. Then there are the many anomalous artifacts; OOPARTS out of their place in time and so have generally been ignored even though they seem to speak to another time.
Scientific orthodoxy often lags well behind new discoveries, but old theories die hard, and there are many exciting trails to follow; such as word derivations that show striking similarities even across vast distances, and the DNA puzzle.
Past civilizations may have been blown away, burned, drowned, destroyed or buried, and speculation is rife as to how entire worldwide civilizations could disappear before our present Holocene Era with so little trace. The Chandler Wobble, the Biblical Flood, Asteroid strikes, Solar Flares, Hapgood's theories of Pole Shifts, and the 'Slipping Orange Peel' may all play a part.
We now know that there was at least a 300 foot rise in ocean levels at the end of the last Ice Age, but can we imagine the effect that this might have? The totality is easily demonstrated by taking a map of our own present-day world and raising ocean levels some 300 feet to reveal what would be a different planet.
Examination of archeological dating procedures reveal them to be sadly lacking, mostly derivative, and often misleading.
The oldest civilization acknowledged by orthodox science is that of Sumeria, but the supposed chronology is rank speculation and examination produces the likelihood that Sumeria is much older than estimated, and was only a part of a widespread, possibly worldwide trading network.
Myths have often proven themselves to be fact, as in the cities of Troy, Mycenae, Herakleion, Sacsayhuaman and Angkor Wat, and now there are the new technological advances such as Remote Viewing Satellites and Ground-penetrating Radar that allow us to peer beneath the surface of the earth, and have now revealed the fabulous lost 'Arabian Nights' city of Ubar, as well as the telltale signs of a widespread Peruvian highlands civilization.
One of our most persistent myths has been that of the Biblical Flood, going back to the legend of Gilgamesh, and possibly even beyond. Now, findings in the depths of the Black Sea support the reality of massive flooding, and seabed discoveries of drowned cities and well-preserved sunken ships provide clear proof of a widespread antediluvian civilization as well as an ancient seafaring tradition.
Continued exploration of the ancient Andean highland city of Tiwanaku reveals clues that the 9,000 foot high Andean city was once an ocean port, and only one part of a far-flung Andean culture encompassing the mysterious Nazca Lines as well as the controversial Ica Stones.
Across the world, the newly-discovered Harappan Empire ruins of the cities of Bet Dwarka and Mohenjo-Daro illuminate a tragedy of monumental proportions. We now see a ruthless invasion by Anglo-Saxon peoples resulting in an outpouring of Dravidian refugees who became our modern-day Gypsies. These discoveries, as well as the 9,000-year-old remains of Jericho and Gobekli, prove that advanced development was much more prevalent in the dim past than we ever imagined, and also provide physical correlation for the fantastic tales of the Mahabharata and the Indian Vedas.
It has long been a 'bone of contention' whether the apparent simultaneous rise of civilizing influences or discoveries, such as in the case of the Olmec/Maya and the Egyptian civilizations, are the result of independent indigenous innovators or of worldwide inter-cultural communication.
An avenue of discovery for the trail of civilization is finally open to us in the form of DNA, but reality may well be ignored in favor of ancient prejudices. In spite of evidence, American (Indian) tribes are still lumped together in the common perception, and the racially-charged Israeli experience of the black Lemba and Falasha tribes from Africa flies in the face of the scientific reality of indisputable Jewish heritage, including the alleged presence of the Ark of the Covenant in Aksum, Ethiopia.
Myths often develop as a reaction to cultural influences, but even then they reveal truths about the culture. The legends of the Virgin of Guadelupe and that of Quetzalcoatl clearly illuminate the lasting effects of an invasion by an alien culture.
The development of legends sheds light on the development of differing theories of time and space. The ancient theory of Cyclical Time opposed to the more recent theory of Quantitative Time relates to, and influences the respective cultures.
Things are seldom as they seem, and the Great Pyramid of Giza, while clearly never intended as a tomb, could be evidence of a lost culture whose scope we cannot even imagine. It is speculated that the pyramid was built as an electrical power generator, or even that it is a beacon from the past, bequeathing vast fonts of knowledge to us from our ancient ancestors.
Could there have been sciences in the past that are now lost to us? Can we imagine the forms they might take that could be superior to our own vaunted status? Are we so blind that we cannot even recognize the artifacts of such a science?
We are only beginning to plumb the depths of the powers of sound and light, and the abilities of the mind are still beyond our science. No one can satisfactorily explain how are ancestors were able to erect the Megalithic edifices that still inspire wonder.
Even today there are mysteries beyond fathoming, events that echo with significance, but are impossible to decipher with our level of understanding. The ever-increasing complexity of Crop Circles piques both our interest and our skepticism.
Present-day science sometimes goes off on tangents that could eventually prove fruitful, but are often sabotaged by threatened interests. Who knows what will be the eventual fate of investigations such as Dark Energy, Free Energy, Zero-Point Energy, Anti-Gravity, Cold Fusion, and the myriad worlds of Quantum Physics?
Could there be a higher power that controls us to ends we can't even perceive? Is it possible that a God could exist who could create a Hitler simply to cause the State of Israel to come into existence? Can we blame God for Cortez or even Genghis Khan?
The Biblical tale of Genesis is borne out by many similar tales that reinforce the tales of the Sons of the Gods and the wiles of human (or Neanderthal) women tricking technology from them in favor of their superhuman children.
Maybe some of the answers lie in the legendary race of the snake-headed Nephilim that may have influenced us down through time to the present day. The phenomenon of Cabezas Largas (Long-heads) as well as Marfan's Syndrome comes down to us through Akhnaten, Tutankhamen, and various rulers throughout the world. Even Abraham Lincoln was a sufferer, could he also have been an inheritor?
History and the advance of civilization are always the result of two opposing forces. First come the dreamers, followed by the practical skeptics, doomed forever to try to outdo the dreamers, but through it all, the search for the lost runs like a golden thread.
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INDEX & CHAPTER BY CHAPTER SUMMARY
PROLOGUE: ATLANTIS AND GOD: 142
01. PLATO & BEYOND The original words of Plato that started the whole thing off, and the relative unimportance of Atlantis per se. 1401
02. LOST CIVILIZATIONS First talks about the false assumptions of the orthodox Time Line, then points out the discoveries of Yonaguni, Nan Madol, Bimini and the pending Cuban underwater city. Shows how civilizations could be lost. Talks about antediluvian and lost civilizations and shows how a drowned world would affect our civilization. 1337
03. WHERE IS THE EVIDENCE? Talks about asteroid strikes all over the earth and the unusual multiple strikes of the Carolina lakes. The age of the Sphinx and the pyramids and the age of the worldwide megalithic structures. How archeologists have discovered ruins of things thought to be only myths. Starts the discussion of OOPARTS (out-of-place-artifacts) and the Cuban underwater city. 924
04 CITY BENEATH THE SEA
The discovery of the underwater city off Cuba and past Mayanist connections reinforced by the discovery of the past Cuba-Yucatan land bridge. The Isle of Youth and the 7 legendary caves. Petroglyphs. The stepping-stones of the Antilles. Asteroid strikes. Egyptian Sun Boats and maritime history. Roman ships in Brazil. 1819
05 ROCK OF AGES: The overwhelming difficulty of dating megalithic monuments and dating the Great Pyramid. 1617
06. NEEDLE IN A HAYSTACK: The amazing use of satellite and sonic remote viewing that can see underground. The discovery of the lost city of Ubar, and speculation about Tiwanaku and Caral in Peru. 1109
07. MYTHS: The mechanics of ancient calendars. The flood and worldwide traditions. The Mexico-Atlantis connection. More about OOPARTS and the possibility of Noah's Ark being a Sumerian reedship. 1123
08. NOAH'S FLOOD: The story of Gilgamesh. The sequence of the ages of the Maya. Why was Rameses blond? The findings in the Black Sea. The value of searching for Atlantis. Mystery of Stonehenge. The value of blood types to trace populations. The question of magnetic pole reversals. An examination of Hapgood shifts compared to the speculative Atlantean timeline. 1603
09. UNDER THE BLACK SEA: Was this Noah's Flood? The Bosphorus Strait. The discovery of ancient underwater settlements and shipwrecks. 1446
10. THE LOST CITY OF THE ANDES: Possible
evidence of a past antediluvian civilization. The fascinating tale of the ancient port of Tiwanaku and the many anomalies found there. 1380
11. SEARCHING FOR THE NAZCA CIVILIZATION: A new theory of the existence of the famous Nazca lines and the discovery of the twin cities of Cahuachi and Ventilla. The mystery of the Ica stones. 1720
12LOST & FOUND-THEN IGNORED: The lost civilization of Harrapa and the cities of Mohenjo-daro and Bet Dwarka. The effect of verifying the Indian Vedas and the saga of the Mahabharata. The fall of Harappa and the question of the Gypsies. The question of archeological dating and the value of memory and legend. 2618
13 WAS SUMERIA THE FIRST? What we
know of the supposed first civilization and how such a sophisticated and literate entity could not have existed in a vacumn.
14. ICE AGES AND POLE SHIFTS: Global warming and the flood. The planet flipping, the wobble and the question of physical pole shifts. Explanation of precession. Brown and Velikovsky and repeated cataclysms. 2342
15. INDIGENOUS vs. DIFFUSIONISTS: The
argument between those who favor independent indigenous invention, versus those who believe in a worldwide civilization that disseminated the information. The Mexico-Atlantis connection. Trans-oceanic evidence of early voyages. 1655
16. BLOOD WILL TELL: The question of Kennewick man and political correctness. Efficacy of blood types. DNA and tracing peoples. The kingship lists and their impact. The experience of the Lembas and the Falashas in Israeli society. A new timeline. 2914
17. BUTTON, BUTTON… Science holds itself out as immutable, but it isn't. Indian tribes and America's timeline. Tracing words. More trans-oceanic evidence. More OOPARTS. More Kennewick man. 946
18. THE MADONNA AND THE SERPENT: The legend and the European impact on these indigenous legends. 1560
19. TIME AFTER TIME: Cultural differences in how we tell time and the resultant views of the world. Lost knowledge of the importance of time. 2957
20. BEACON IN THE DESERT: A study of the Great Pyramid of Giza and several theories as to what its purpose was. Possibly a power plant. 4088
21. MESSAGE IN A BOTTLE? The riddle of the crop circles and their meaning. Their increasing complexity leading to an actual picture in pixels, as well as an alleged answer to the message sent out on Voyager. 1819
22 …DIFFERENT DRUMMER: What does progress and/or civilization really mean? Could there have been ancient knowledge in different areas that has been lost to us? Is there power in the collective consciousness? 2157
23. UNKNOWN SCIENCE: Theories of ancient science. Theories of construction of the pyramids and megalithic structures. The Coral Castle, multi-ton stones moved by one man. The power of the mind. The reality of alchemy. The power of the senses. Quantum physics. 3444
24. 2816 SIRAN How would we recognize a machine from the past? We really can’t date the far past and can’t imagine how megalithic structures could be built. 1624
25. DARK ENERGY: Nikola Tesla. More of the actual age of pyramids. The energy of sonics and ultrasonics. The new Russian pyramids. Where does energy come from? Cold Fusion and Dark Energy. 2642
26WONDERS TO PERFORM: Is there really a God? The Nazis, the Jews, the Holocaust and Israel. Cortez, Pissaro and the Conquest. Quantum theory and the effect on history. 2090
27THE NEPHILIM AND THE NIBURU: Genesis, the bible and the psuedapigripha. Gods/Angels/? Gilgamesh and the Babylonian myths. Nephilim as Neanderthals? The missing Planet X. 3431
28. ECHOES OF THE NEPHILIM: Genesis. The Nephilim and giants. Serpent progenitors. The Mayan Votan legend. The psuedopigrapic legend of Lilith and the later Eve.The Cabezas Largas. Marfan’s syndrome. Long Heads in history. The triune brain. 2210
29. SKEPTICS & DREAMERS: Two different types necessary for progress. Our 250 years of civilization. 1763
PROLOGUE
ATLANTIS – AND GOD
Was there an Atlantis? Well, aside from the fact that more books have been written about it than any other subject – except God, there is mounting evidence that there was a worldwide antediluvian civilization which may – or may not – have existed under that name.
Be it high or low, hot or cold, ocean or desert, Atlantis has been proclaimed in a hundred places, all of them interesting and informative. But none of which seem to exactly echo Plato.
It is not important whether Plato’s Atlantis ever existed, for what is more important is that the search for the fabled Atlantis has served well as an engine for the search of an antediluvian civilization.
Even while the search continues unabated, orthodox archeology and history decries the attempt as a chimera, forever doomed to failure.
But then again, maybe not.
Labels: ATLANTIS?
